Prescription Medicine Directory

High blood pressure medicine

2008-09-28T13:26:00.000-07:00

Any prescription medicine here should be consulted with your doctor or health care provider before use it.

If you need treatment for your high blood pressure with natural homeopathic with FDA approved, then you can go here.

1. Aceon (Perindopril)
Aceon (Perindopril) is a medication which lowers blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.
High blood pressure levels can damage your kidneys, and may lead to a stroke or heart failure.
You should contact your doctor or health care provider before use this medicine and explain to them about autoimmune disease such as lupus (or suppressed immune function), previous swelling of the tongue, face (or lips with difficulty breathing), difficulty swallowing, hoarseness (or tightening of the throat - angioedema), bone marrow disease, diabetes, heart (or blood vessel disease), low blood pressure, kidney disease, if you are on a special diet such as a low-salt diet, an unusual or allergic reaction to perindopril, other ACE inhibitors, foods, dyes (or preservatives), pregnant or trying to get pregnant and breast-feeding

Usage Take perindopril tablets by mouth one hour before meals.
Follow the directions on the prescription label.
Swallow the tablets with a drink of water. Take your doses at regular intervals.
Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
Do not stop taking perindopril except on your prescriber's advice.

Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children.
Special care may be needed.

2. Adalat (Nifedipine)
Adalat (Nifedipine) is a type of antihistamine that blocks the release of stomach acid.
It is used to treat stomach and intestinal ulcers.
It can relieve ulcer pain and discomfort.
Adalat (Nifedipine) is also used to control acid reflux (heartburn).

People whose take this medication should take contact their doctor or health care provider about an alcohol abuse problem, bleeding such as in your stool or any vomiting with blood, kidney disease, liver disease, other chronic illness, phenylketonuria, trouble swallowing, an unusual or allergic reaction to famotidine (other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives), pregnant or trying to get pregnant and breast-feeding.

Usage
Take Adalat (Nifedipine) tablets or gelcaps by mouth.
Follow the directions on the prescription label.
Swallow the tablets or gelcaps with a drink of water.
If you only take Adalat (Nifedipine) once a day, take it at bedtime.
Take your doses at regular intervals.
Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.

3. Aldactone (Spironolactone)
Aldactone (Spironolactone) is is a diuretic and is used as an antiandrogen to treat for edema, hypertension, diuretic-induced hypokalemia, and cirrhosis of the liver with ascites.
It is a synthetic 17-lactone drug which is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called potassium-sparing diuretics, used primarily to treat ascites in patients with liver disease, low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn's syndrome as well as high blood pressure.

Due to its anti-androgen effect, it can also be used to treat hirsutism, and is a common component in hormone therapy for male-to-female transsexual and transgendered people.
It is also used for treating hair loss and acne in women and can be used as a topical medication for treatment of male hairloss.

4. Altace (Ramipril)
Altace (Ramipril) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.
ACE inhibitors lower the production of angiotensin II, therefore relaxing arterial muscles while at the same time enlarging the arteries, allowing the heart to pump blood more easily, and increasing blood flow due to more blood being pumped into and through larger passageways.

Altace (Ramipril) is a prodrug and is converted to the active metabolite ramiprilat by liver esterase enzymes. It is mostly excreted by the kidneys.
The half-life of ramiprilat is variable (3-16 hours), and is prolonged by heart and liver failure, as well as kidney failure.

Indications for its use include:

Mild to moderate hypertension
Congestive heart failure
Following myocardial infarction in patients with clinical evidence of heart failure
Susceptible patients over 55 years: prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death or need of revascularization procedures
Also ramipril has been known to be abused as a downer

Cautions

Do not take potassium supplements without seeking medical advice
Do not take during pregnancy

Side-effects

may cause swelling of the mouth, tongue, or throat
low blood sugar in patients taking other medicine for diabetes which shows as sweating or shakiness
persistent dry cough, dizziness, and light-headedness due to low blood pressure

Dose

2.5 to 20 mg per day
initial dose of 1.25mg per day

Other similar prescription categories are;

Lower high blood pressure

2008-09-28T13:07:00.000-07:00

Here are the list of prescription to control and lowering high blood pressure.
Should you take any prescription bellow, it always recommended to consult with your doctor or health care provider to prevent misused during usage.

If you need homeopathic medicine that totally natural and give same proven result to lowering your blood pressure (FDA approved) then you can see here

List and description for prescription medicine to control and lowering high blood pressure as following;

1. Aceon (Perindopril)
Aceon (Perindopril) is a medication which lowers blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.
High blood pressure levels can damage your kidneys, and may lead to a stroke or heart failure.
You should contact your doctor or health care provider before use this medicine and explain to them about autoimmune disease such as lupus (or suppressed immune function), previous swelling of the tongue, face (or lips with difficulty breathing), difficulty swallowing, hoarseness (or tightening of the throat - angioedema), bone marrow disease, diabetes, heart (or blood vessel disease), low blood pressure, kidney disease, if you are on a special diet such as a low-salt diet, an unusual or allergic reaction to perindopril, other ACE inhibitors, foods, dyes (or preservatives), pregnant or trying to get pregnant and breast-feeding

Usage Take perindopril tablets by mouth one hour before meals.
Follow the directions on the prescription label.
Swallow the tablets with a drink of water. Take your doses at regular intervals.
Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
Do not stop taking perindopril except on your prescriber's advice.

Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children.
Special care may be needed.

2. Adalat (Nifedipine)
Adalat (Nifedipine) is a type of antihistamine that blocks the release of stomach acid.
It is used to treat stomach and intestinal ulcers.
It can relieve ulcer pain and discomfort.
Adalat (Nifedipine) is also used to control acid reflux (heartburn).

People whose take this medication should take contact their doctor or health care provider about an alcohol abuse problem, bleeding such as in your stool or any vomiting with blood, kidney disease, liver disease, other chronic illness, phenylketonuria, trouble swallowing, an unusual or allergic reaction to famotidine (other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives), pregnant or trying to get pregnant and breast-feeding.

Usage
Take Adalat (Nifedipine) tablets or gelcaps by mouth.
Follow the directions on the prescription label.
Swallow the tablets or gelcaps with a drink of water.
If you only take Adalat (Nifedipine) once a day, take it at bedtime.
Take your doses at regular intervals.
Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.

3. Aldactone (Spironolactone)
Aldactone (Spironolactone) is is a diuretic and is used as an antiandrogen to treat for edema, hypertension, diuretic-induced hypokalemia, and cirrhosis of the liver with ascites.
It is a synthetic 17-lactone drug which is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called potassium-sparing diuretics, used primarily to treat ascites in patients with liver disease, low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn's syndrome as well as high blood pressure.

Due to its anti-androgen effect, it can also be used to treat hirsutism, and is a common component in hormone therapy for male-to-female transsexual and transgendered people.
It is also used for treating hair loss and acne in women and can be used as a topical medication for treatment of male hairloss.

4. Altace (Ramipril)
Altace (Ramipril) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.
ACE inhibitors lower the production of angiotensin II, therefore relaxing arterial muscles while at the same time enlarging the arteries, allowing the heart to pump blood more easily, and increasing blood flow due to more blood being pumped into and through larger passageways.

Altace (Ramipril) is a prodrug and is converted to the active metabolite ramiprilat by liver esterase enzymes. It is mostly excreted by the kidneys.
The half-life of ramiprilat is variable (3-16 hours), and is prolonged by heart and liver failure, as well as kidney failure.

Indications for its use include:

Mild to moderate hypertension
Congestive heart failure
Following myocardial infarction in patients with clinical evidence of heart failure
Susceptible patients over 55 years: prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death or need of revascularization procedures
Also ramipril has been known to be abused as a downer

Cautions

Do not take potassium supplements without seeking medical advice
Do not take during pregnancy

Side-effects

may cause swelling of the mouth, tongue, or throat
low blood sugar in patients taking other medicine for diabetes which shows as sweating or shakiness
persistent dry cough, dizziness, and light-headedness due to low blood pressure

Dose

2.5 to 20 mg per day
initial dose of 1.25mg per day

Other similar prescription categories are;

High blood pressure medications

2008-09-28T13:03:00.000-07:00

Here is list of high blood pressure medication.
Any prescription used here should be consult with your doctor or health care provider to prevent any misused during usage.

1. Aceon (Perindopril)
Aceon (Perindopril) is a medication which lowers blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.
High blood pressure levels can damage your kidneys, and may lead to a stroke or heart failure.
You should contact your doctor or health care provider before use this medicine and explain to them about autoimmune disease such as lupus (or suppressed immune function), previous swelling of the tongue, face (or lips with difficulty breathing), difficulty swallowing, hoarseness (or tightening of the throat - angioedema), bone marrow disease, diabetes, heart (or blood vessel disease), low blood pressure, kidney disease, if you are on a special diet such as a low-salt diet, an unusual or allergic reaction to perindopril, other ACE inhibitors, foods, dyes (or preservatives), pregnant or trying to get pregnant and breast-feeding

Usage Take perindopril tablets by mouth one hour before meals.
Follow the directions on the prescription label.
Swallow the tablets with a drink of water. Take your doses at regular intervals.
Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
Do not stop taking perindopril except on your prescriber's advice.

Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children.
Special care may be needed.

2. Adalat (Nifedipine)
Adalat (Nifedipine) is a type of antihistamine that blocks the release of stomach acid.
It is used to treat stomach and intestinal ulcers.
It can relieve ulcer pain and discomfort.
Adalat (Nifedipine) is also used to control acid reflux (heartburn).

People whose take this medication should take contact their doctor or health care provider about an alcohol abuse problem, bleeding such as in your stool or any vomiting with blood, kidney disease, liver disease, other chronic illness, phenylketonuria, trouble swallowing, an unusual or allergic reaction to famotidine (other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives), pregnant or trying to get pregnant and breast-feeding.

Usage
Take Adalat (Nifedipine) tablets or gelcaps by mouth.
Follow the directions on the prescription label.
Swallow the tablets or gelcaps with a drink of water.
If you only take Adalat (Nifedipine) once a day, take it at bedtime.
Take your doses at regular intervals.
Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.

3. Aldactone (Spironolactone)
Aldactone (Spironolactone) is is a diuretic and is used as an antiandrogen to treat for edema, hypertension, diuretic-induced hypokalemia, and cirrhosis of the liver with ascites.
It is a synthetic 17-lactone drug which is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called potassium-sparing diuretics, used primarily to treat ascites in patients with liver disease, low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn's syndrome as well as high blood pressure.

Due to its anti-androgen effect, it can also be used to treat hirsutism, and is a common component in hormone therapy for male-to-female transsexual and transgendered people.
It is also used for treating hair loss and acne in women and can be used as a topical medication for treatment of male hairloss.

4. Altace (Ramipril)
Altace (Ramipril) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.
ACE inhibitors lower the production of angiotensin II, therefore relaxing arterial muscles while at the same time enlarging the arteries, allowing the heart to pump blood more easily, and increasing blood flow due to more blood being pumped into and through larger passageways.

Altace (Ramipril) is a prodrug and is converted to the active metabolite ramiprilat by liver esterase enzymes. It is mostly excreted by the kidneys.
The half-life of ramiprilat is variable (3-16 hours), and is prolonged by heart and liver failure, as well as kidney failure.

Indications for its use include:

Mild to moderate hypertension
Congestive heart failure
Following myocardial infarction in patients with clinical evidence of heart failure
Susceptible patients over 55 years: prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death or need of revascularization procedures
Also ramipril has been known to be abused as a downer

Cautions

Do not take potassium supplements without seeking medical advice
Do not take during pregnancy

Side-effects

may cause swelling of the mouth, tongue, or throat
low blood sugar in patients taking other medicine for diabetes which shows as sweating or shakiness
persistent dry cough, dizziness, and light-headedness due to low blood pressure

Dose

2.5 to 20 mg per day
initial dose of 1.25mg per day

Other similar prescription categories are;

Fungal infections in dogs

2008-09-26T05:20:00.000-07:00

There are several topical agents that work well for dogs with ringworm infections (the most common skin fungi) that are localized to one or two spots.
Miconazole is one of the most commonly recommended treatments and clotrimazole is the other one.
These are available under a lot of different brand names. Lime sulfur dip and enilconazole shampoo are also helpful, but enilconazole is not available in the United States (it is available in
Canada).

Topical treatment of ringworm does not always work, even when the problem is confined to one single spot.
When this happens, Grisactin (Griseofulvin) and itraconazole (Sporonax Rx) are the most commonly recommended medications.
It is usually necessary to treat for several weeks with itraconazole and for about two months with griseofulvin (Fulvicin Rx, others).

It might also be worth reconsidering the diagnosis if treatment continues not to work.
Sometimes fungal infections of the skin occur because there is an underlying problem, such as an immune mediated disease (discoid lupus, phemphigus) and biopsy of the affected area might be necessary to find the underlying problem.

Fungal infection in dogs

2008-09-26T05:01:00.000-07:00

There are several topical agents that work well for dogs with ringworm infections (the most common skin fungi) that are localized to one or two spots.
Miconazole is one of the most commonly recommended treatments and clotrimazole is the other one.
These are available under a lot of different brand names. Lime sulfur dip and enilconazole shampoo are also helpful, but enilconazole is not available in the United States (it is available in
Canada).

Topical treatment of ringworm does not always work, even when the problem is confined to one single spot.
When this happens, Grisactin (Griseofulvin) and itraconazole (Sporonax Rx) are the most commonly recommended medications.
It is usually necessary to treat for several weeks with itraconazole and for about two months with griseofulvin (Fulvicin Rx, others).

It might also be worth reconsidering the diagnosis if treatment continues not to work.
Sometimes fungal infections of the skin occur because there is an underlying problem, such as an immune mediated disease (discoid lupus, phemphigus) and biopsy of the affected area might be necessary to find the underlying problem.

Fungal Infection

2008-09-26T01:43:00.000-07:00

Some list of prescription for fungal infection;

1. Diflucan (Fluconazole) is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections.
In a bulk powder form, it appears as a white crystalline powder, and it is very slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol.

Like other imidazole and triazole class antifungals, Fluconazole inhibits the fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme 14α-demethylase.
Mammalian demethylase activity is much less sensitive to fluconazole than fungal demethylase. This inhibition prevents the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, an essential component of the fungal cytoplasmic membrane, and subsequent accumulation of 14α-methyl sterols.

Diflucan (Fluconazole) is active against the following microorganisms:

- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Candida spp. (except C. krusei and C. glabrata)
- Coccidioides immitis
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Epidermophyton spp.
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Microsporum spp.
- Trichophyton spp.

Diflucan (Fluconazole) is indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of fungal infections where other antifungals have failed or are not tolerated (e.g. due to adverse effects), including:

- Candidiasis caused by susceptible strains of Candida
- Tinea corporis, tinea cruris or tinea pedis
- Onychomycosis
- Cryptococcal meningitis

Fluconazole can be used first-line for the following indications:

- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Prophylaxis of candidiasis in immunocompromised people

Dosage, varies with indication and between patient groups, ranging from:
a two week course of 150 mg/day for vulvovaginal candidiasis, to 150–300 mg once weekly for resistant skin infections or some prophylactic indications.
50–600 mg/day may be used for systemic or severe infections, and in urgent infections such as meningitis caused by yeast 800 mg/day have been used.
Pediatric doses are measured at 6-12 mg/kg/d .
A loading dose will be indicated when entering a daily dosage schedule, for example a loading dose of 200 mg on the first day is commonly used with 150 mg/day following that.

Diflucan (Fluconazole) is contraindicated in patients with:

- Known hypersensitivity to fluconazole or other azole antifungals.
- Concomitant use of cisapride, due to risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias (relative contraindication).

2. Grisactin (Griseofulvin)
Griseofulvin (also known as Grisovin) is an antifungal drug.
It is used both in animals and in humans, to treat ringworm infections of the skin and nails. It is derived from the mold Penicillium griseofulvum.

The drug binds to tubulin, interfering with microtubule function, thus inhibiting mitosis.
It binds to keratin in keratin precursor cells and makes them resistant to fungal infections.
It is only when hair or skin is replaced by the keratin-griseofulvin complex that the drug reaches its site of action.
Griseofulvin will then enter the dermatophyte through energy dependent transport processes and bind to fungal microtubules.
This alters the processing for mitosis and also underlying information for deposition of fungal cell walls.

When cancer cells divide (undergo mitosis), they use an unusual mechanism to ensure the correct genetic material is present within each of the resulting tumor cells.
Laboratory experiments at the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) show that griseofulvin causes cancer cells to fail to divide the chromosomes correctly, which eventually leads to tumor cell death.
Griseofulvin does not interfere with cell division in healthy cells.
The observed effect is not strong, but is significant.

Grisactin (Griseofulvin) may be combined with other treatments to improve its effectiveness and may lead to the development of more effective future drug treatments with very low toxic side effects.

3. Lamisil (Terbinafine)
Lamisil (Terbinafine) is a synthetic allylamine antifungal.
It is highly lipophilic in nature and tends to accumulate in skin, nails, and fatty tissues.

Lamisil (Terbinafine) is a white fine crystalline powder that is freely soluble in methanol and dichloromethane, soluble in ethanol, and slightly soluble in water.

Like other allylamines, terbinafine inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, an enzyme that is part of the fungal cell membrane synthesis pathway. Because terbinafine prevents conversion of squalene to lanosterol, ergosterol cannot be synthesized. This is thought to change cell membrane permeability.

Lamisil (Terbinafine) is mainly effective on the dermatophytes group of fungi.
As a 1% cream or powder it is used for superficial skin infections such as jock itch (Tinea cruris), athlete's foot (Tinea pedis) and other types of ringworm.

Oral 250mg tablets are often prescribed for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail or fingernail due to the dermatophyte Tinea unguium.
Fungal nail infections are located deep under the nail in the cuticle to which topically applied treatments are unable to penetrate in sufficient amounts.
The tablets may, rarely, cause hepatotoxicity, so patients are warned of this and may be monitored with liver function tests.

Other similar prescription with categorized as an anti fungal are;
- Fulvicin (Gresiofulvin)
- Mycelex (Clotrimazol)
- Nizoral (Ketoconazole)
- Sporanox (Itraconazole)

Anti depression medicine

2008-09-25T11:56:00.000-07:00

For whose need guidance for anti depression medicine than please read carefully about each description especially for precaution item.
If you don't understand about it, then you need some advice or guidance from your doctor or health care provider during usage of any type of anti depression medicine.

1. Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI)
Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI) is a tricyclic antidepressant.
It was developed in the 1960s by the Swiss drug manufacturer Geigy (now known as Novartis) and has been in clinical use worldwide for decades.

Indications

Depression with lack of energy or mild agitation
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Panic attacks with or without agoraphobia
Narcolepsy
Chronic pain with or without organic disease, particular headache of the tension type
Enuresis (involuntary nightly urinating in sleep) in children and adolescents
Off label: sometimes antidepressants of this type have been found helpful in reducing relapses in cocaine addicts and to help repair cocaine-caused neurotransmitter imbalances and early brain damage. Further studies are needed for clomipramine in this regard.

It may take 2 to 3 weeks before the full effects of this medication are noticed in all indications.
Along with SSRIs, clomipramine is a frequently prescribed drug for the treatment of OCD.
As is typical with the older tricyclic antidepressants, it has more side effects than SSRIs, so some authorities regard it as a second-line treatment to be used if treatment with SSRIs fails.
However, disregarding side effects, it may be slightly more effective in combatting the symptoms of OCD.
It is not commonly used for treating depression, and usually another tricyclic (or drug from a different class) would be used.
Clomipramine and the SSRIs (specifically Paroxetine) have also been used to treat premature ejaculation.
Dosage
Initial doses are usually 25 mg 2 or 3 times daily or 75 mg once daily in slow released form.
The dose may be increased in regular intervals (the usual dose per day is 100 to 225 mg).
Doses up to 300 mg may be used, but these are associated with an increased risk of seizures.
This medication may be taken with food to prevent stomach upset.

In hospitalized patients initial intramuscular injections and very slow intravenous infusions can be used, but the risk of hypotension and seizures may be increased with parental drug use.
The advantage is that the onset of action may be faster.
Usually, clomipramine needs some weeks to reach its maximum effects and needs to be given as longterm treatment, sometimes for life (narcolepsy).
Sometimes, in patients with narcolepsy the full effect of clomipramine is not sufficient.
In these cases treatment with clomipramine should be terminated gradually and a commonly used central stimulant (e.g. modafinil, methylphenidate or methamphetamine) tried instead.

Clomipramine is not able to elevate the mood of non-depressive persons and any unindicated use may be dangerous.

Precaution

Concomitant therapy with an (irreversible) MAO inhibitor (e.g. tranylcypromine, phenelzine)
Acute intoxication with central depressants (alcohol, psychoactive drugs, narcotics)
States of confusion (caution), absolutely contraindicated in patients with coma and delirium tremens
Patients with severe agitation or anxiety (give sedative drugs concomitantly)
Hypersensitivity/allergy against clomipramine or other related tricyclic compounds
Hypertrophy of the prostate with urine retention (=difficulty in urinating)
Caution: hypertrophy of the prostate without urine retention
Preexisting closed angle glaucoma
Epilepsy and other conditions which lower the seizure threshold (alcohol-withdrawal, active brain tumors)
Serious liver disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Serious kidney disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Severe hypotension, shock, serious cardiovascular dysfunction (postinfarctous states, heart insufficience, arrhythmias), avoid high oral doses or injections/infusions
Preexisting bone marrow depression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia), can be worsened by clomipramine
Hyperthyroidism (overfunction of the thyroid gland) makes the patient more sensitive to side effects of clomipramine. Cautious doses should be used and the overfunction should be treated.
Caution should be exerted when treating pediatric patients under 18 years of age

Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI)

2. Celexa (Citalopram)
Celexa (Citalopram) is an antidepressant drug used to treat depression associated with mood disorders.
It is also used on occasion in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety.

Citalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
It is sold under the brand-names Celexa (U.S., Forest Laboratories, Inc.)

Citalopram was originally created in 1989 by the pharmaceutical company Lundbeck.
The patent expired in 2003, allowing other companies legally to produce generic versions.

Celexa (Citalopram) is primarily used to treat the symptoms of depression but can also be prescribed for social anxiety disorder, panic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Also prescribed in Huntington's disease and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Usage
Initially, 10 or 20mg once daily, in the morning or evening, with or without food.
If response is inadequate, consider an increase to 40 mg/day in 20 mg increments at intervals of no less than 1 week.
Some elderly patients may respond to 10 mg/day.
Titrate to a maximum of 40 mg/day if needed and tolerated.
Hepatic impairment: 30 mg/day (maximum dosage).
If Celexa therapy is to be discontinued, taper the dose over 1 to 2 weeks.

Celexa (Citalopram)

3. Cymbalta (Duloxetine)
Cymbalta (Duloxetine) is an antidepressant.
It is used to treat depression. It is also used to treat pain caused by complications of diabetes or pain caused by fibromyalgia.

Duloxetine (brand names Cymbalta, Yentreve, and in parts of Europe, Xeristar or Ariclaim) is a drug which primarily targets major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in some countries stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
It is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company.

Before you take this medicine, you should consult with your doctor or health care provider as following items;

bipolar disorder or a family history of bipolar disorder
kidney or liver disease
narrow- angle glaucoma
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
taken medicines called MAOIs like Carbex, Eldepryl, Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate within 14 days
an unusual reaction to duloxetine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Cymbalta (Duloxetine)

4. Desyrel (Trazodone)
Desyrel (Trazodone) is an antidepressant, a medicine that helps to lift mental depression.
It can help patients whose depression has not responded to other medications, or who have experienced limiting side effects with other antidepressants.
Desyrel (Trazodone) may also be used to treat other conditions such as problems sleeping, anxiety, and panic attacks.

Desyrel (Trazodone) is well absorbed after oral administration with mean peak blood levels obtained at approximately 1 hour after ingestion.
Absorption is somewhat delayed and enhanced by food.
The mean blood elimination half-life is biphasic: the first phase's half-life is 3 to 6 hours, and the following phase's half-life is 5 to 9 hours.
The drug is extensively metabolized with 3 or 4 major metabolites having been identified in man, some of which such as mCPP may contribute to the side effect profile of trazodone.
Approximately 70 to 75% of C14-labelled trazodone was found to be excreted in the urine within 72 hours (PMID 1037253).
Trazodone is highly protein-bound.

People whose take this medicine better consult to their doctor or health care provider about following conditions;

attempted or thinking about suicide
bipolar disorder
heart disease, or previous heart attack
irregular heart beat
kidney disease
liver disease
mania
an unusual or allergic reaction to trazodone, other medicines, foods, dyes or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Desyrel (Trazodone)

5. Dilantin (Phenytoin)
Dilantin (Phenytoin) is an anticonvulsant, a drug that acts to prevent seizures.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) helps prevent some types of seizure activity.
It is often used to aid in controlling nerve pain associated with some cancers and cancer treatments.
Nerve pain causes a burning, tingling sensation.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) also may be ordered to control a rapid or irregular heart rate.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) may be given to stop uncontrolled seizures.
It may be used during brain surgery to prevent seizure activity.
In 2003 a group of researchers in California reported that phenytoin is effective in controlling the acute mania associated with bipolar disorder. Additional uses are under study.

Phenytoin sodium has been marketed as Phenytek by Mylan Laboratories, previously Bertek Pharmaceuticals, and Dilantin; also Dilantin Kapseals and Dilantin Infatabs in the USA, and as Epanutin in the UK and Israel, by Parke-Davis, now part of Pfizer.
In the USSR and post-USSR countries, it was/is marketed as (Diphenin, Dipheninum).

People whose take this medicine, it's better recommended to consult with their doctor or health care provider as following conditions;

constipation problems
heart or blood vessel disease
heart rhythm disturbances such as sick sinus syndrome, ventricular arrhythmias, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, or Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
liver or kidney disease
neuromuscular disease such as muscular dystrophy
slow or irregular heartbeat
an unusual or allergic reaction to verapamil, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Dilantin (Phenytoin)

6. Effexor (Venlafaxine)
Effexor (Venlafaxine) is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class first introduced by Wyeth in 1993.
It is prescribed for the treatment of clinical depression and anxiety disorders.
Due to the pronounced side effects and suspicions that venlafaxine may significantly increase the risk of suicide it is not recommended as a first line treatment of depression.
However, it is often effective for depression not responding to SSRIs.
Venlafaxine was the sixth most widely-used antidepressant based on the amount of retail prescriptions in the US (17.1 million) in 2006.

People whose take this medicine, it's better recommended to consult with their doctor or health care provider about these following conditions;

anorexia or weight loss
glaucoma
high blood pressure, heart problems or a recent heart attack
high cholesterol levels or receiving treatment for high cholesterol
kidney or liver disease
mania or bipolar disorder
seizures (convulsions)
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
thyroid problems
an unusual or allergic reaction to venlafaxine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Effexor (Venlafaxine)

7. Elavil (Amitriptylin)
Elavil (Amitriptylin) is a medication used to treat various forms of depression, pain associated with the nerves (neuropathic pain), and to prevent migraine headaches.
Elavil (Amitriptylin) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug.
It is a white, odorless (but tastes like licorice), crystalline compound which is freely soluble in water; it is usually dispensed in tablet form.
In terms of its mechanism of action, amitriptyline inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake almost equally.

Precaution Patients should not suddenly stop taking this medication.
The dose should gradually be decreased, then discontinued.
If the drug is abruptly stopped, the patient may experience headache, nausea, discomfort throughout the body, and a worsening of original symptoms.
Amitriptyline's effects last for three to seven days after the medication has been stopped.
Older adults usually are more prone to some side effects.
These include drowsiness, dizziness, mental confusion, blurry vision, dry mouth, difficulty urinating, and constipation.
Taking a lower dose may help resolve these problems.
Patients may need to stop this medication before surgery.

Elavil (Amitriptylin) should not be given to anyone with allergies to the drug or to patients recovering from a heart attack.
Patients taking MAO inhibitors, a different type of antidepressant, should not also use amitriptyline.
It should be administered with caution to patients with glaucoma, seizures, urinary retention, an overactive thyroid, poor liver or kidney function, alcoholism, asthma, digestive disorders, an enlarged prostate, seizures, or heart disease.
This medication should not be given to children under 12.
Pregnant women should discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with their doctor.
Fetal deformities have been associated with taking this drug during pregnancy.
Women should not breastfeed while using amitriptyline.

Elavil (Amitriptylin)

8. Other similar prescription for Anti Depressants

What depression medicine should i choose

2008-09-25T11:49:00.000-07:00

If you confuse to choose what depression medicine should be used, then you need pay attention every single description and precaution during usage process.
If you are not sure what is all about, then you need some assist from your doctor or health care provider for sure. Except you already know that, then you can pass it the way.
But still for better result, there should be medical expert beside you as your guidance.

1. Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI)
Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI) is a tricyclic antidepressant.
It was developed in the 1960s by the Swiss drug manufacturer Geigy (now known as Novartis) and has been in clinical use worldwide for decades.

Indications

Depression with lack of energy or mild agitation
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Panic attacks with or without agoraphobia
Narcolepsy
Chronic pain with or without organic disease, particular headache of the tension type
Enuresis (involuntary nightly urinating in sleep) in children and adolescents
Off label: sometimes antidepressants of this type have been found helpful in reducing relapses in cocaine addicts and to help repair cocaine-caused neurotransmitter imbalances and early brain damage. Further studies are needed for clomipramine in this regard.

Concomitant therapy with an (irreversible) MAO inhibitor (e.g. tranylcypromine, phenelzine)
Acute intoxication with central depressants (alcohol, psychoactive drugs, narcotics)
States of confusion (caution), absolutely contraindicated in patients with coma and delirium tremens
Patients with severe agitation or anxiety (give sedative drugs concomitantly)
Hypersensitivity/allergy against clomipramine or other related tricyclic compounds
Hypertrophy of the prostate with urine retention (=difficulty in urinating)
Caution: hypertrophy of the prostate without urine retention
Preexisting closed angle glaucoma
Epilepsy and other conditions which lower the seizure threshold (alcohol-withdrawal, active brain tumors)
Serious liver disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Serious kidney disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Severe hypotension, shock, serious cardiovascular dysfunction (postinfarctous states, heart insufficience, arrhythmias), avoid high oral doses or injections/infusions
Preexisting bone marrow depression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia), can be worsened by clomipramine
Hyperthyroidism (overfunction of the thyroid gland) makes the patient more sensitive to side effects of clomipramine. Cautious doses should be used and the overfunction should be treated.
Caution should be exerted when treating pediatric patients under 18 years of age

bipolar disorder or a family history of bipolar disorder
kidney or liver disease
narrow- angle glaucoma
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
taken medicines called MAOIs like Carbex, Eldepryl, Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate within 14 days
an unusual reaction to duloxetine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

attempted or thinking about suicide
bipolar disorder
heart disease, or previous heart attack
irregular heart beat
kidney disease
liver disease
mania
an unusual or allergic reaction to trazodone, other medicines, foods, dyes or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

constipation problems
heart or blood vessel disease
heart rhythm disturbances such as sick sinus syndrome, ventricular arrhythmias, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, or Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
liver or kidney disease
neuromuscular disease such as muscular dystrophy
slow or irregular heartbeat
an unusual or allergic reaction to verapamil, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

anorexia or weight loss
glaucoma
high blood pressure, heart problems or a recent heart attack
high cholesterol levels or receiving treatment for high cholesterol
kidney or liver disease
mania or bipolar disorder
seizures (convulsions)
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
thyroid problems
an unusual or allergic reaction to venlafaxine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Medicine for depression and stress

2008-09-25T11:44:00.000-07:00

Some list of medicine for depression and stress.
Please pay attention with the precaution is available. If you're not sure about that, then you need assist with your doctor or health care provider.
By doing this, it will discard mis-applied for effectiveness of medicine during usage.

1. Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI)
Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI) is a tricyclic antidepressant.
It was developed in the 1960s by the Swiss drug manufacturer Geigy (now known as Novartis) and has been in clinical use worldwide for decades.

Indications

Depression with lack of energy or mild agitation
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Panic attacks with or without agoraphobia
Narcolepsy
Chronic pain with or without organic disease, particular headache of the tension type
Enuresis (involuntary nightly urinating in sleep) in children and adolescents
Off label: sometimes antidepressants of this type have been found helpful in reducing relapses in cocaine addicts and to help repair cocaine-caused neurotransmitter imbalances and early brain damage. Further studies are needed for clomipramine in this regard.

Concomitant therapy with an (irreversible) MAO inhibitor (e.g. tranylcypromine, phenelzine)
Acute intoxication with central depressants (alcohol, psychoactive drugs, narcotics)
States of confusion (caution), absolutely contraindicated in patients with coma and delirium tremens
Patients with severe agitation or anxiety (give sedative drugs concomitantly)
Hypersensitivity/allergy against clomipramine or other related tricyclic compounds
Hypertrophy of the prostate with urine retention (=difficulty in urinating)
Caution: hypertrophy of the prostate without urine retention
Preexisting closed angle glaucoma
Epilepsy and other conditions which lower the seizure threshold (alcohol-withdrawal, active brain tumors)
Serious liver disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Serious kidney disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Severe hypotension, shock, serious cardiovascular dysfunction (postinfarctous states, heart insufficience, arrhythmias), avoid high oral doses or injections/infusions
Preexisting bone marrow depression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia), can be worsened by clomipramine
Hyperthyroidism (overfunction of the thyroid gland) makes the patient more sensitive to side effects of clomipramine. Cautious doses should be used and the overfunction should be treated.
Caution should be exerted when treating pediatric patients under 18 years of age

bipolar disorder or a family history of bipolar disorder
kidney or liver disease
narrow- angle glaucoma
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
taken medicines called MAOIs like Carbex, Eldepryl, Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate within 14 days
an unusual reaction to duloxetine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

attempted or thinking about suicide
bipolar disorder
heart disease, or previous heart attack
irregular heart beat
kidney disease
liver disease
mania
an unusual or allergic reaction to trazodone, other medicines, foods, dyes or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

constipation problems
heart or blood vessel disease
heart rhythm disturbances such as sick sinus syndrome, ventricular arrhythmias, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, or Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
liver or kidney disease
neuromuscular disease such as muscular dystrophy
slow or irregular heartbeat
an unusual or allergic reaction to verapamil, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

anorexia or weight loss
glaucoma
high blood pressure, heart problems or a recent heart attack
high cholesterol levels or receiving treatment for high cholesterol
kidney or liver disease
mania or bipolar disorder
seizures (convulsions)
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
thyroid problems
an unusual or allergic reaction to venlafaxine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Effexor (Venlafaxine)

7. Elavil (Amitriptylin)
Elavil (Amitriptylin) is a medication used to treat various forms of depression, pain associated with the nerves (neuropathic pain), and to prevent migraine headaches.
Elavil (Amitriptylin) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug.
It is a white, odorless (but tastes like licorice), crystalline compound which is freely soluble in water; it is usually dispensed in tablet form.
In terms of its mechanism of action, amitriptyline inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake almost equally.

Precaution Patients should not suddenly stop taking this medication.
The dose should gradually be decreased, then discontinued.
If the drug is abruptly stopped, the patient may experience headache, nausea, discomfort throughout the body, and a worsening of original symptoms.
Amitriptyline's effects last for three to seven days after the medication has been stopped.
Older adults usually are more prone to some side effects.
These include drowsiness, dizziness, mental confusion, blurry vision, dry mouth, difficulty urinating, and constipation.
Taking a lower dose may help resolve these problems.
Patients may need to stop this medication before surgery.

Elavil (Amitriptylin) should not be given to anyone with allergies to the drug or to patients recovering from a heart attack.
Patients taking MAO inhibitors, a different type of antidepressant, should not also use amitriptyline.
It should be administered with caution to patients with glaucoma, seizures, urinary retention, an overactive thyroid, poor liver or kidney function, alcoholism, asthma, digestive disorders, an enlarged prostate, seizures, or heart disease.
This medication should not be given to children under 12.
Pregnant women should discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with their doctor.
Fetal deformities have been associated with taking this drug during pregnancy.
Women should not breastfeed while using amitriptyline.
Elavil (Amitriptylin)

8. Other similar prescription for Anti Depressants

Medicine for depression and anxiety

2008-09-25T11:20:00.000-07:00

Some list of medicine for depression and anxiety.
Should you take one of this then you should pay attention with precaution item.
If you are not sure about that, then once again you need assisted with your doctor or health care provider for sure.
So it will discard mis-result as a description from the manufacturing.

1. Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI)
Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI) is a tricyclic antidepressant.
It was developed in the 1960s by the Swiss drug manufacturer Geigy (now known as Novartis) and has been in clinical use worldwide for decades.

Indications

Depression with lack of energy or mild agitation
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Panic attacks with or without agoraphobia
Narcolepsy
Chronic pain with or without organic disease, particular headache of the tension type
Enuresis (involuntary nightly urinating in sleep) in children and adolescents
Off label: sometimes antidepressants of this type have been found helpful in reducing relapses in cocaine addicts and to help repair cocaine-caused neurotransmitter imbalances and early brain damage. Further studies are needed for clomipramine in this regard.

Concomitant therapy with an (irreversible) MAO inhibitor (e.g. tranylcypromine, phenelzine)
Acute intoxication with central depressants (alcohol, psychoactive drugs, narcotics)
States of confusion (caution), absolutely contraindicated in patients with coma and delirium tremens
Patients with severe agitation or anxiety (give sedative drugs concomitantly)
Hypersensitivity/allergy against clomipramine or other related tricyclic compounds
Hypertrophy of the prostate with urine retention (=difficulty in urinating)
Caution: hypertrophy of the prostate without urine retention
Preexisting closed angle glaucoma
Epilepsy and other conditions which lower the seizure threshold (alcohol-withdrawal, active brain tumors)
Serious liver disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Serious kidney disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Severe hypotension, shock, serious cardiovascular dysfunction (postinfarctous states, heart insufficience, arrhythmias), avoid high oral doses or injections/infusions
Preexisting bone marrow depression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia), can be worsened by clomipramine
Hyperthyroidism (overfunction of the thyroid gland) makes the patient more sensitive to side effects of clomipramine. Cautious doses should be used and the overfunction should be treated.
Caution should be exerted when treating pediatric patients under 18 years of age

2. Celexa (Citalopram)
Celexa (Citalopram) is an antidepressant drug used to treat depression associated with mood disorders.
It is also used on occasion in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety.

Citalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
It is sold under the brand-names Celexa (U.S., Forest Laboratories, Inc.)

Citalopram was originally created in 1989 by the pharmaceutical company Lundbeck.
The patent expired in 2003, allowing other companies legally to produce generic versions.

Celexa (Citalopram) is primarily used to treat the symptoms of depression but can also be prescribed for social anxiety disorder, panic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Also prescribed in Huntington's disease and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Usage
Initially, 10 or 20mg once daily, in the morning or evening, with or without food.
If response is inadequate, consider an increase to 40 mg/day in 20 mg increments at intervals of no less than 1 week.
Some elderly patients may respond to 10 mg/day.
Titrate to a maximum of 40 mg/day if needed and tolerated.
Hepatic impairment: 30 mg/day (maximum dosage).
If Celexa therapy is to be discontinued, taper the dose over 1 to 2 weeks.

3. Cymbalta (Duloxetine)
Cymbalta (Duloxetine) is an antidepressant.
It is used to treat depression. It is also used to treat pain caused by complications of diabetes or pain caused by fibromyalgia.

Duloxetine (brand names Cymbalta, Yentreve, and in parts of Europe, Xeristar or Ariclaim) is a drug which primarily targets major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in some countries stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
It is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company.

Before you take this medicine, you should consult with your doctor or health care provider as following items;

bipolar disorder or a family history of bipolar disorder
kidney or liver disease
narrow- angle glaucoma
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
taken medicines called MAOIs like Carbex, Eldepryl, Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate within 14 days
an unusual reaction to duloxetine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

4. Desyrel (Trazodone)
Desyrel (Trazodone) is an antidepressant, a medicine that helps to lift mental depression.
It can help patients whose depression has not responded to other medications, or who have experienced limiting side effects with other antidepressants.
Desyrel (Trazodone) may also be used to treat other conditions such as problems sleeping, anxiety, and panic attacks.

Desyrel (Trazodone) is well absorbed after oral administration with mean peak blood levels obtained at approximately 1 hour after ingestion.
Absorption is somewhat delayed and enhanced by food.
The mean blood elimination half-life is biphasic: the first phase's half-life is 3 to 6 hours, and the following phase's half-life is 5 to 9 hours.
The drug is extensively metabolized with 3 or 4 major metabolites having been identified in man, some of which such as mCPP may contribute to the side effect profile of trazodone.
Approximately 70 to 75% of C14-labelled trazodone was found to be excreted in the urine within 72 hours (PMID 1037253).
Trazodone is highly protein-bound.

People whose take this medicine better consult to their doctor or health care provider about following conditions;

attempted or thinking about suicide
bipolar disorder
heart disease, or previous heart attack
irregular heart beat
kidney disease
liver disease
mania
an unusual or allergic reaction to trazodone, other medicines, foods, dyes or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

5. Dilantin (Phenytoin)
Dilantin (Phenytoin) is an anticonvulsant, a drug that acts to prevent seizures.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) helps prevent some types of seizure activity.
It is often used to aid in controlling nerve pain associated with some cancers and cancer treatments.
Nerve pain causes a burning, tingling sensation.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) also may be ordered to control a rapid or irregular heart rate.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) may be given to stop uncontrolled seizures.
It may be used during brain surgery to prevent seizure activity.
In 2003 a group of researchers in California reported that phenytoin is effective in controlling the acute mania associated with bipolar disorder. Additional uses are under study.

Phenytoin sodium has been marketed as Phenytek by Mylan Laboratories, previously Bertek Pharmaceuticals, and Dilantin; also Dilantin Kapseals and Dilantin Infatabs in the USA, and as Epanutin in the UK and Israel, by Parke-Davis, now part of Pfizer.
In the USSR and post-USSR countries, it was/is marketed as (Diphenin, Dipheninum).

People whose take this medicine, it's better recommended to consult with their doctor or health care provider as following conditions;

constipation problems
heart or blood vessel disease
heart rhythm disturbances such as sick sinus syndrome, ventricular arrhythmias, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, or Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
liver or kidney disease
neuromuscular disease such as muscular dystrophy
slow or irregular heartbeat
an unusual or allergic reaction to verapamil, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

6. Effexor (Venlafaxine)
Effexor (Venlafaxine) is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class first introduced by Wyeth in 1993.
It is prescribed for the treatment of clinical depression and anxiety disorders.
Due to the pronounced side effects and suspicions that venlafaxine may significantly increase the risk of suicide it is not recommended as a first line treatment of depression.
However, it is often effective for depression not responding to SSRIs.
Venlafaxine was the sixth most widely-used antidepressant based on the amount of retail prescriptions in the US (17.1 million) in 2006.

People whose take this medicine, it's better recommended to consult with their doctor or health care provider about these following conditions;

anorexia or weight loss
glaucoma
high blood pressure, heart problems or a recent heart attack
high cholesterol levels or receiving treatment for high cholesterol
kidney or liver disease
mania or bipolar disorder
seizures (convulsions)
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
thyroid problems
an unusual or allergic reaction to venlafaxine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

7. Elavil (Amitriptylin)
Elavil (Amitriptylin) is a medication used to treat various forms of depression, pain associated with the nerves (neuropathic pain), and to prevent migraine headaches.
Elavil (Amitriptylin) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug.
It is a white, odorless (but tastes like licorice), crystalline compound which is freely soluble in water; it is usually dispensed in tablet form.
In terms of its mechanism of action, amitriptyline inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake almost equally.

Precaution Patients should not suddenly stop taking this medication.
The dose should gradually be decreased, then discontinued.
If the drug is abruptly stopped, the patient may experience headache, nausea, discomfort throughout the body, and a worsening of original symptoms.
Amitriptyline's effects last for three to seven days after the medication has been stopped.
Older adults usually are more prone to some side effects.
These include drowsiness, dizziness, mental confusion, blurry vision, dry mouth, difficulty urinating, and constipation.
Taking a lower dose may help resolve these problems.
Patients may need to stop this medication before surgery.

Elavil (Amitriptylin) should not be given to anyone with allergies to the drug or to patients recovering from a heart attack.
Patients taking MAO inhibitors, a different type of antidepressant, should not also use amitriptyline.
It should be administered with caution to patients with glaucoma, seizures, urinary retention, an overactive thyroid, poor liver or kidney function, alcoholism, asthma, digestive disorders, an enlarged prostate, seizures, or heart disease.
This medication should not be given to children under 12.
Pregnant women should discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with their doctor.
Fetal deformities have been associated with taking this drug during pregnancy.
Women should not breastfeed while using amitriptyline.

8. Other similar prescription for Anti Depressants

Depression medicine with the least side effects

2008-09-25T07:17:00.000-07:00

Desyrel (Trazodone) is an antidepressant, a medicine that helps to lift mental depression with the least side effects.
It can help patients whose depression has not responded to other medications, or who have experienced limiting side effects with other antidepressants.
Desyrel (Trazodone) may also be used to treat other conditions such as problems sleeping, anxiety, and panic attacks.

Desyrel (Trazodone) is well absorbed after oral administration with mean peak blood levels obtained at approximately 1 hour after ingestion.
Absorption is somewhat delayed and enhanced by food.
The mean blood elimination half-life is biphasic: the first phase's half-life is 3 to 6 hours, and the following phase's half-life is 5 to 9 hours.
The drug is extensively metabolized with 3 or 4 major metabolites having been identified in man, some of which such as mCPP may contribute to the side effect profile of trazodone.
Approximately 70 to 75% of C14-labelled trazodone was found to be excreted in the urine within 72 hours (PMID 1037253).
Trazodone is highly protein-bound.

People whose take this medicine better consult to their doctor or health care provider about following conditions;

attempted or thinking about suicide
bipolar disorder
heart disease, or previous heart attack
irregular heart beat
kidney disease
liver disease
mania
an unusual or allergic reaction to trazodone, other medicines, foods, dyes or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Other prescription with same category but different side effect are;

- Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI)
- Celexa (Citalopram)
- Cymbalta (Duloxetine)
- Dilantin (Phenytoin)
- Effexor (Venlafaxine)
- Elavil (Amitriptylin)
- Geodon (Ziprasidone)
- Lexapro (Escitalopram)
- Lithobid (Lithium)
- Luvox (Fluvoxamine)
- Pamelor (Nortriptyline)
- Paxil (Paroxetine)
- Remeron (Mirtazapine)
- Risperdal (Risperidone)
- Sinemet (Carbidopa + Levodopa)
- Sinequan (Doxepin)
- Tofranil (Imipramine)
- Trivastal (Piribedil)
- Wellbutrin (Bupropion)
- Zyprexa (Olanzapine)

Some description about above prescription can find here

Medicine for depression

2008-09-25T07:04:00.000-07:00

List of medicine for depression

1. Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI)
Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI) is a tricyclic antidepressant.
It was developed in the 1960s by the Swiss drug manufacturer Geigy (now known as Novartis) and has been in clinical use worldwide for decades.

Indications

Depression with lack of energy or mild agitation
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Panic attacks with or without agoraphobia
Narcolepsy
Chronic pain with or without organic disease, particular headache of the tension type
Enuresis (involuntary nightly urinating in sleep) in children and adolescents
Off label: sometimes antidepressants of this type have been found helpful in reducing relapses in cocaine addicts and to help repair cocaine-caused neurotransmitter imbalances and early brain damage. Further studies are needed for clomipramine in this regard.

Concomitant therapy with an (irreversible) MAO inhibitor (e.g. tranylcypromine, phenelzine)
Acute intoxication with central depressants (alcohol, psychoactive drugs, narcotics)
States of confusion (caution), absolutely contraindicated in patients with coma and delirium tremens
Patients with severe agitation or anxiety (give sedative drugs concomitantly)
Hypersensitivity/allergy against clomipramine or other related tricyclic compounds
Hypertrophy of the prostate with urine retention (=difficulty in urinating)
Caution: hypertrophy of the prostate without urine retention
Preexisting closed angle glaucoma
Epilepsy and other conditions which lower the seizure threshold (alcohol-withdrawal, active brain tumors)
Serious liver disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Serious kidney disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Severe hypotension, shock, serious cardiovascular dysfunction (postinfarctous states, heart insufficience, arrhythmias), avoid high oral doses or injections/infusions
Preexisting bone marrow depression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia), can be worsened by clomipramine
Hyperthyroidism (overfunction of the thyroid gland) makes the patient more sensitive to side effects of clomipramine. Cautious doses should be used and the overfunction should be treated.
Caution should be exerted when treating pediatric patients under 18 years of age

Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI)

2. Celexa (Citalopram)
Celexa (Citalopram) is an antidepressant drug used to treat depression associated with mood disorders.
It is also used on occasion in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety.

Citalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
It is sold under the brand-names Celexa (U.S., Forest Laboratories, Inc.)

Citalopram was originally created in 1989 by the pharmaceutical company Lundbeck.
The patent expired in 2003, allowing other companies legally to produce generic versions.

Celexa (Citalopram) is primarily used to treat the symptoms of depression but can also be prescribed for social anxiety disorder, panic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Also prescribed in Huntington's disease and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Usage
Initially, 10 or 20mg once daily, in the morning or evening, with or without food.
If response is inadequate, consider an increase to 40 mg/day in 20 mg increments at intervals of no less than 1 week.
Some elderly patients may respond to 10 mg/day.
Titrate to a maximum of 40 mg/day if needed and tolerated.
Hepatic impairment: 30 mg/day (maximum dosage).
If Celexa therapy is to be discontinued, taper the dose over 1-2 weeks.

Celexa (Citalopram)

3. Cymbalta (Duloxetine)
Cymbalta (Duloxetine) is an antidepressant.
It is used to treat depression. It is also used to treat pain caused by complications of diabetes or pain caused by fibromyalgia.

Duloxetine (brand names Cymbalta, Yentreve, and in parts of Europe, Xeristar or Ariclaim) is a drug which primarily targets major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in some countries stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
It is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company.

Before you take this medicine, you should consult with your doctor or health care provider as following items;

bipolar disorder or a family history of bipolar disorder
kidney or liver disease
narrow- angle glaucoma
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
taken medicines called MAOIs like Carbex, Eldepryl, Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate within 14 days
an unusual reaction to duloxetine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Cymbalta (Duloxetine)

4. Desyrel (Trazodone)
Desyrel (Trazodone) is an antidepressant, a medicine that helps to lift mental depression.
It can help patients whose depression has not responded to other medications, or who have experienced limiting side effects with other antidepressants.
Desyrel (Trazodone) may also be used to treat other conditions such as problems sleeping, anxiety, and panic attacks.

Desyrel (Trazodone) is well absorbed after oral administration with mean peak blood levels obtained at approximately 1 hour after ingestion.
Absorption is somewhat delayed and enhanced by food.
The mean blood elimination half-life is biphasic: the first phase's half-life is 3 - 6 hours, and the following phase's half-life is 5 - 9 hours.
The drug is extensively metabolized with 3 or 4 major metabolites having been identified in man, some of which such as mCPP may contribute to the side effect profile of trazodone.
Approximately 70 - 75% of C14-labelled trazodone was found to be excreted in the urine within 72 hours (PMID 1037253).
Trazodone is highly protein-bound.

People whose take this medicine better consult to their doctor or health care provider about following conditions;

attempted or thinking about suicide
bipolar disorder
heart disease, or previous heart attack
irregular heart beat
kidney disease
liver disease
mania
an unusual or allergic reaction to trazodone, other medicines, foods, dyes or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Desyrel (Trazodone)

5. Dilantin (Phenytoin)
Dilantin (Phenytoin) is an anticonvulsant, a drug that acts to prevent seizures.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) helps prevent some types of seizure activity.
It is often used to aid in controlling nerve pain associated with some cancers and cancer treatments.
Nerve pain causes a burning, tingling sensation.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) also may be ordered to control a rapid or irregular heart rate.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) may be given to stop uncontrolled seizures.
It may be used during brain surgery to prevent seizure activity.
In 2003 a group of researchers in California reported that phenytoin is effective in controlling the acute mania associated with bipolar disorder. Additional uses are under study.

Phenytoin sodium has been marketed as Phenytek ® by Mylan Laboratories, previously Bertek Pharmaceuticals, and Dilantin ®; also Dilantin ® Kapseals ® and Dilantin ® Infatabs ® in the USA, and as Epanutin ® in the UK and Israel, by Parke-Davis, now part of Pfizer.

People whose take this medicine, it's better recommended to consult with their doctor or health care provider as following conditions;

constipation problems
heart or blood vessel disease
heart rhythm disturbances such as sick sinus syndrome, ventricular arrhythmias, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, or Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
liver or kidney disease
neuromuscular disease such as muscular dystrophy
slow or irregular heartbeat
an unusual or allergic reaction to verapamil, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

anorexia or weight loss
glaucoma
high blood pressure, heart problems or a recent heart attack
high cholesterol levels or receiving treatment for high cholesterol
kidney or liver disease
mania or bipolar disorder
seizures (convulsions)
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
thyroid problems
an unusual or allergic reaction to venlafaxine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Types of depression medicine

2008-09-25T06:58:00.000-07:00

Some updated types of depression medicine are

1. Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI)
Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI) is a tricyclic antidepressant.
It was developed in the 1960s by the Swiss drug manufacturer Geigy (now known as Novartis) and has been in clinical use worldwide for decades.

Indications

Depression with lack of energy or mild agitation
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Panic attacks with or without agoraphobia
Narcolepsy
Chronic pain with or without organic disease, particular headache of the tension type
Enuresis (involuntary nightly urinating in sleep) in children and adolescents
Off label: sometimes antidepressants of this type have been found helpful in reducing relapses in cocaine addicts and to help repair cocaine-caused neurotransmitter imbalances and early brain damage. Further studies are needed for clomipramine in this regard.

Concomitant therapy with an (irreversible) MAO inhibitor (e.g. tranylcypromine, phenelzine)
Acute intoxication with central depressants (alcohol, psychoactive drugs, narcotics)
States of confusion (caution), absolutely contraindicated in patients with coma and delirium tremens
Patients with severe agitation or anxiety (give sedative drugs concomitantly)
Hypersensitivity/allergy against clomipramine or other related tricyclic compounds
Hypertrophy of the prostate with urine retention (=difficulty in urinating)
Caution: hypertrophy of the prostate without urine retention
Preexisting closed angle glaucoma
Epilepsy and other conditions which lower the seizure threshold (alcohol-withdrawal, active brain tumors)
Serious liver disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Serious kidney disease (elimination is decreased), if clomipramine is given consider dose reduction
Severe hypotension, shock, serious cardiovascular dysfunction (postinfarctous states, heart insufficience, arrhythmias), avoid high oral doses or injections/infusions
Preexisting bone marrow depression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia), can be worsened by clomipramine
Hyperthyroidism (overfunction of the thyroid gland) makes the patient more sensitive to side effects of clomipramine. Cautious doses should be used and the overfunction should be treated.
Caution should be exerted when treating pediatric patients under 18 years of age

Anafranil (Clomipramine HCI)

2. Celexa (Citalopram)
Celexa (Citalopram) is an antidepressant drug used to treat depression associated with mood disorders.
It is also used on occasion in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety.

Citalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
It is sold under the brand-names Celexa (U.S., Forest Laboratories, Inc.)

Citalopram was originally created in 1989 by the pharmaceutical company Lundbeck.
The patent expired in 2003, allowing other companies legally to produce generic versions.

Celexa (Citalopram) is primarily used to treat the symptoms of depression but can also be prescribed for social anxiety disorder, panic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Also prescribed in Huntington's disease and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Usage
Initially, 10 or 20mg once daily, in the morning or evening, with or without food.
If response is inadequate, consider an increase to 40 mg/day in 20 mg increments at intervals of no less than 1 week.
Some elderly patients may respond to 10 mg/day.
Titrate to a maximum of 40 mg/day if needed and tolerated.
Hepatic impairment: 30 mg/day (maximum dosage).
If Celexa therapy is to be discontinued, taper the dose over 1-2 weeks.
Celexa (Citalopram)

3. Cymbalta (Duloxetine)
Cymbalta (Duloxetine) is an antidepressant.
It is used to treat depression. It is also used to treat pain caused by complications of diabetes or pain caused by fibromyalgia.

Duloxetine (brand names Cymbalta, Yentreve, and in parts of Europe, Xeristar or Ariclaim) is a drug which primarily targets major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in some countries stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
It is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company.

Before you take this medicine, you should consult with your doctor or health care provider as following items;

bipolar disorder or a family history of bipolar disorder
kidney or liver disease
narrow- angle glaucoma
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
taken medicines called MAOIs like Carbex, Eldepryl, Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate within 14 days
an unusual reaction to duloxetine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Cymbalta (Duloxetine)

4. Desyrel (Trazodone)
Desyrel (Trazodone) is an antidepressant, a medicine that helps to lift mental depression.
It can help patients whose depression has not responded to other medications, or who have experienced limiting side effects with other antidepressants.
Desyrel (Trazodone) may also be used to treat other conditions such as problems sleeping, anxiety, and panic attacks.

Desyrel (Trazodone) is well absorbed after oral administration with mean peak blood levels obtained at approximately 1 hour after ingestion.
Absorption is somewhat delayed and enhanced by food.
The mean blood elimination half-life is biphasic: the first phase's half-life is 3 - 6 hours, and the following phase's half-life is 5 - 9 hours.
The drug is extensively metabolized with 3 or 4 major metabolites having been identified in man, some of which such as mCPP may contribute to the side effect profile of trazodone.
Approximately 70 - 75% of C14-labelled trazodone was found to be excreted in the urine within 72 hours (PMID 1037253).
Trazodone is highly protein-bound.

People whose take this medicine better consult to their doctor or health care provider about following conditions;

attempted or thinking about suicide
bipolar disorder
heart disease, or previous heart attack
irregular heart beat
kidney disease
liver disease
mania
an unusual or allergic reaction to trazodone, other medicines, foods, dyes or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Desyrel (Trazodone)

5. Dilantin (Phenytoin)
Dilantin (Phenytoin) is an anticonvulsant, a drug that acts to prevent seizures.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) helps prevent some types of seizure activity.
It is often used to aid in controlling nerve pain associated with some cancers and cancer treatments.
Nerve pain causes a burning, tingling sensation.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) also may be ordered to control a rapid or irregular heart rate.
Dilantin (Phenytoin) may be given to stop uncontrolled seizures.
It may be used during brain surgery to prevent seizure activity.
In 2003 a group of researchers in California reported that phenytoin is effective in controlling the acute mania associated with bipolar disorder. Additional uses are under study.

Phenytoin sodium has been marketed as Phenytek® by Mylan Laboratories, previously Bertek Pharmaceuticals, and Dilantin®; also Dilantin® Kapseals® and Dilantin® Infatabs® in the USA, and as Epanutin® in the UK and Israel, by Parke-Davis, now part of Pfizer.

People whose take this medicine, it's better recommended to consult with their doctor or health care provider as following conditions;

constipation problems
heart or blood vessel disease
heart rhythm disturbances such as sick sinus syndrome, ventricular arrhythmias, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, or Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
liver or kidney disease
neuromuscular disease such as muscular dystrophy
slow or irregular heartbeat
an unusual or allergic reaction to verapamil, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

anorexia or weight loss
glaucoma
high blood pressure, heart problems or a recent heart attack
high cholesterol levels or receiving treatment for high cholesterol
kidney or liver disease
mania or bipolar disorder
seizures (convulsions)
suicidal thoughts or a previous suicide attempt
thyroid problems
an unusual or allergic reaction to venlafaxine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Abdominal epilepsy

2008-09-25T05:55:00.000-07:00

Abdominal epilepsy caused by epileptiform seizure activity seen on EEG tracing and describes as a group of gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances.
While a causal relationship has not been proven, the GI symptoms cannot be explained by other pathophyisological mechanisms, and are seen to improve upon anticonvulsant treatment.

The phenomenon seems to be very rare, with a total of 36 case reports published in the English medical literature during the last 35 years. Trousseau is commonly credited as the first to describe the condition in 1868 in a boy with paroxysmal GI symptoms culminating in grand mal epileptic seizures.

The first account of abdominal epilepsy supported by EEG tracings came in 1944 in an article by M.T. Moore, followed by several subsequent case reports from the same group.

Some prescription available are;

1. Lamictal (Lamotrigine)
Lamotrigine (Lamotrigine) is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of epilepsy.
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which excessive surges of electrical energy are emitted in the brain, causing seizures.
Lamotrigine is usually reserved for difficult-to-control seizures that have not responded to other anticonvulsant medications.
In psychiatry, lamotrigine is also indicated in the treatment of bipolar disorder (manic-depression).

Lamotrigine may not be suitable for persons with a history of liver or kidney disease, depressed renal function, mental illness, anemia, high blood pressure, angina (chest pain), or irregular heartbeats and other heart problems.
Before beginning treatment with lamotrigine, patients should notify their physician if they consume a large amount of alcohol, have a history of drug use, are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant.

Lamotrigine's safety during pregnancy has not been established.
Persons taking lamotrigine (and other AEDs or anticonvulsants) should be aware that many AEDs and anticonvulsants cause birth defects.
Patients who become pregnant while taking any AED or anticonvulsants should contact their physician immediately.

2. Mysoline (Primidon)
Mysoline (Primidon) is a barbiturate.
Mysoline (Primidon) reduces or controls seizures or convulsions in certain types of epilepsy, except for absence (petit mal) seizures. Generic primidone tablets are available. Generic chewable tablets are not available.

Elderly patients over age 65 years may have a stronger reaction to this medicine and need smaller doses.
Take primidone tablets by mouth.

If you have; an alcohol or drug abuse problem, bone disease like osteoporosis, kidney disease, liver disease, low blood pressure, lung disease, chest infection or breathing difficulties, mental depression or other mental illnesses, porphyria, seizures or convulsions, suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempt (a previous suicide attempt by you or a family member), an unusual or allergic reaction to primidone, phenobarbital, other barbiturates or seizure medications, other medicines, foods, dyes or preservatives, pregnant or trying to get pregnant and breast-feeding then you should consult with your doctor or your health care provider before take this medicine.

Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medication in children.
Special care may be needed.

3. Neurontin (Gabapentin)
Nerontin (Gabapentin) is a prescription drug that was initially approved to help manage epilepsy.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also approved gabapentin for treatment of the nerve pain that sometimes accompanies herpes infections.
Gabapentin is available in the United States under the trade name Neurontin.

Although the FDA has only approved gabapentin for managing epilepsy and treating nerve pain associated with herpes infections, doctors often prescribe the medication for managing other conditions, including tremors associated with multiple sclerosis, nerve pain, bipolar disorder, and migraine prevention.

Although gabapentin was originally approved by the FDA in 1993, it is still not understood how gabapentin prevents seizures. However, the drug is related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurochemical that possesses inhibitory properties.
In brain cells, these inhibitory actions prevent excitatory electrical impulses from spreading to neighboring cells.
As a result, gabapentin probably prevents the spread of abnormal excitatory activity in the brain at least in part, by mimicking the actions of GABA.
By preventing excitatory communication between cells, gabapentin may also inhibit the electrical impulses involved in pain conduction. This may account for the drug's ability to alleviate pain, especially nerve pain.

When gabapentin is used along with other therapies for managing epileptic partial seizures, improvements should be observed within 12 weeks.
On the other hand, pain relief may be evident within one week when the drug is used for pain associated with herpes infections.

Dosage
For adults, the initial dose of gabapentin is 300 mg taken by mouth three times each day. The dosage may be increased if necessary. Dosages as high as 800-1,200 mg three times daily have been well tolerated.
In children three to 12 years of age, the starting dose should be 10-15 mg/2.2 lb (1 kg)/day given in three equal doses.
This dose can be increased until an effective dosage is reached, typically 25-40 mg/2.2 lb (1 kg)/day.
Lower dosages are required for patients that have kidney disease.

Precaution
In children, gabapentin may cause behavioral and emotional disorders.
The drug should be used cautiously and the dosage should be reduced in those with severe kidney disease.
In experimental animals, gabapentin caused tumors to develop; however, it is not known if this occurs in humans.

Patients should take gabapentin only as prescribed.
The drug should never be stopped abruptly because doing so increases the likelihood of having a seizure.
Since gabapentin can cause dizziness and fatigue, patients should avoid driving or operating complex machinery until they know whether the drug adversely affects their reaction time or impairs their judgment.

4. Tegretol (Carbamazepine)
Tegretol (Carbamazepine) is an antiepileptic drug used to reduce or suppress seizures.
The medication is also commonly prescribed to relieve certain neurogenic pain such as trigeminal neuralgia.
This drug decreases abnormal electrical impulses through nerve cell pathways by inhibiting the activity of sodium channels in neurons. Consequently, it blocks the repetitive impulses that trigger seizures.

Due to its high efficacy, carbamazepine is in many cases a first-line treatment for epilepsy, and is also frequently prescribed to treat acute neuralgias such as trigeminal neuralgia.
Sometimes the drug is also used to improve bipolar disorder symptoms, especially during the manic phase of this disease.

For treatment of seizures, the usual initial dose of carbamazepine for adults and children over 12 years of age is 200 milligrams, taken twice daily.
The prescribing physician may increase the dosage in weekly intervals until optimum seizure control is achieved.
Dosages generally do not exceed a range of 1000-1200 milligrams (mg) per day.
For the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, daily dosages usually range from 800-1200 mg per day during the stage of acute pain and 400-800 mg per day for preventative therapy.

Precautions
The ingestion of alcoholic drinks during carbamazepine therapy is contraindicated because both substances may potentiate (increase) the effects of the other.
Other depressants of the central nervous system such as antihistamines, analgesic drugs, muscle relaxants, and tranquilizers, are also potentiated when used with carbamazepine or other antiepileptic medications.
Diabetic patients should be monitored during the administration of this drug since it interferes with glucose blood levels.
The drug should not be taken during pregnancy due to the absence of safety clinical studies for pregnant women.
Tests in animals have shown that carbamazepine causes developmental defects in embryos when administered in high doses.
As the drug is found in breast milk, the use of this medication is also contraindicated during breast-feeding.
Carbamazepine may interfere with several biomarkers used in medical laboratory tests, and persons taking the medication should report its intake before blood or urine samples are collected for analysis.

5. Topamax (Topiramate)
Topamax (Topiramate) is most commonly prescribed to treat patients who do not respond to other anticonvulsant medications, or is part of a combination of anticonvulsant medications used to treat intractable seizures.
Although the precise mechanisms by which it exerts its therapeutic effects in epilepsy and other seizure disorders are unknown, Topiramate has three specific seizure-reducing actions:

topiramate decreases nerve-cell excitation by blocking targeted neurotransmitters from binding to certain receptors in the brain.
topiramate blocks sodium channels in nerve cells, thus decreasing excessive nerve-cell firing.
topiramate increases the availability of GABA, (gammaaminobutyric acid), a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve-cell excitation in the brain.

Topiramate is taken by mouth in tablet or sprinkle form. Topiramate is available in strengths of 25 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg tablets, along with 15 mg and 25 mg sprinkle capsules.
Patients usually take topiramate twice daily.
Typical total daily doses are usually between 200 milligrams (mg) to 400 mg for treatment of seizure disorders.
For the treatment of bipolar disorders, dosages vary.

Beginning a course of treatment which includes topiramate requires a gradual dose-increasing regimen.
The prescribing physician determines the proper beginning dosage and may raise a patient's daily dosage gradually over the course of several weeks.
It may take several weeks to realize the full seizure-reducing benefits of topiramate.

A double dose of topiramate should not be taken to make up for a missed or forgotten dose.
If a daily dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, the missed dose is skipped.
When discontinuing treatment with topiramate, physicians typically direct patients to gradually taper their daily dosages.
Stopping the medicine suddenly may cause seizures to return or occur more frequently.
In the treatment of bipolar disorders, persons should not stop taking topiramate without consulting the prescribing physician.
Stopping the medicine suddenly may cause seizures, or severely and suddenly alter a patient's mood.

Precaution
Topamax (Topiramate) is not habit-forming.
A physician should be consulted before combining topiramate with certain non-prescription medications.
Patients should avoid alcohol and CNS depressants (medicines that can make one drowsy or less alert, such as antihistimines, sleep medications, and some pain medications) while taking topiramate.
Because topiramate may cause drowsiness, persons should not drive or operate heavy machinery until they know how they will react to the drug.
Persons taking topiramate, particularly those with predisposing factors, should maintain an adequate fluid intake in order to minimize the risk of kidney stone formation. Approximately 1.5% of people taking topiramate develop kidney stones.
Topiramate may not be suitable for persons with a history of liver or kidney disease, mental illness, high blood presure, angina (chest pain), irregular heartbeats, or other heart problems.
Before beginning treatment with topiramate, patients should notify their physician if they consume a large amount of alcohol, have a history of drug use, are pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant.

Topiramate may inhibit perspiration, causing body temperature to increase.
Persons taking topiramate are at a greater risk for heat stroke, and should use caution during strenuous exercise, prolonged exposure during hot weather, and while using saunas or hot tubs.
Topiramate may cause birth defects. Use effective birth control while taking topiramate.
Patients who become pregnant while taking topiramate should contact their physician immediately.

6. Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine)
Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine) is used to treat people with epilepsy. It helps prevent partial seizures.
This medicine may be used for other purposes, ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions or any these condition before use it.

kidney disease
liver disease
suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempt; a previous suicide attempt by you or a family member
any unusual or allergic reaction to oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

7. Valparin (Valproic Acid)
Valvarin (Valproic acid/VPA) is a chemical compound that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and less commonly major depression.
It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia.

As an anticonvulsant, valproic acid is used to control absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal), complex partial seizures, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and the seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
It is also used in treatment of myoclonus.
In some countries, parenteral (administered intravenously) preparations of valproate are used also as second-line treatment of status epilepticus, as an alternative to phenytoin.
Valvarin is one of common drugs used to treat post-traumatic epilepsy.

Precaution Women who become pregnant while taking valproic acid should be counselled as to its risks, take high dose folic acid and be offered antenatal screening (alpha-fetoprotein and second trimester ultrasound scans).
It is a known folate antagonist, which can cause neural tube defects. Thus, folic acid supplements may alleviate the teratogenic problems.
A recent study showed that children of mothers taking valproic acid during pregnancy are at risk for significantly lower IQs.
Exposure of the human embryo to valproic acid is also associated with risk of autism, and it is possible to duplicate features characteristic of autism by exposing rat embryos to valproic acid at the time of neural tube closure.
One study found that valproate exposure on embryonic day 11.5 led to significant local recurrent connectivity in the juvenile rat neocortex, consistent with the underconnectivity theory of autism.

Valproate is contraindicated in overweight patients because it might cause weight gain.
Preexisting hepatic (liver) and/or renal (kidney) damage or cancer, hepatitis, pancreatitis, end-stage AIDS HIV infection, bone marrow depression, urea cycle disorders, and coagulation hematological disorders are absolute contraindications.

According to Medical News Today, valproic acid can be used for the treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder, adjunctive therapy in multiple seizure types (including epilepsy), and prophylaxis of migraine headaches.

Bipolar and temporal lobe epilepsy

2008-09-25T05:33:00.000-07:00

Temporal lobe epilepsies are a group of medical disorders in which humans and animals experience recurrent epileptic seizures arising from one or both temporal lobes of the brain.
Two main types are internationally recognized.

- Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) arises in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala which are located in the inner aspect of the temporal lobe.
- Lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE) arises in the neocortex on the outer surface of the temporal lobe of the brain.

Valvarin (Valproic acid/VPA) is a chemical compound that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and less commonly major depression.
It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia.

As an anticonvulsant, valproic acid is used to control absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal), complex partial seizures, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and the seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
It is also used in treatment of myoclonus.
In some countries, parenteral (administered intravenously) preparations of valproate are used also as second-line treatment of status epilepticus, as an alternative to phenytoin.
Valvarin is one of common drugs used to treat post-traumatic epilepsy.

Precaution Women who become pregnant while taking valproic acid should be counselled as to its risks, take high dose folic acid and be offered antenatal screening (alpha-fetoprotein and second trimester ultrasound scans).
It is a known folate antagonist, which can cause neural tube defects. Thus, folic acid supplements may alleviate the teratogenic problems.
A recent study showed that children of mothers taking valproic acid during pregnancy are at risk for significantly lower IQs.
Exposure of the human embryo to valproic acid is also associated with risk of autism, and it is possible to duplicate features characteristic of autism by exposing rat embryos to valproic acid at the time of neural tube closure.
One study found that valproate exposure on embryonic day 11.5 led to significant local recurrent connectivity in the juvenile rat neocortex, consistent with the underconnectivity theory of autism.

Valproate is contraindicated in overweight patients because it might cause weight gain.
Preexisting hepatic (liver) and/or renal (kidney) damage or cancer, hepatitis, pancreatitis, end-stage AIDS HIV infection, bone marrow depression, urea cycle disorders, and coagulation hematological disorders are absolute contraindications.

According to Medical News Today, valproic acid can be used for the treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder, adjunctive therapy in multiple seizure types (including epilepsy), and prophylaxis of migraine headaches.
Valvarin (Valproic acid/VPA)

Other similar prescription regarding to Anti convulsants are;
- Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine)
- Topamax (Topiramate)
- Tegretol (Carbamazepine)
- Neurontin (Gabapentin)
- Mysoline (Primidon)
- Lamictal (Lamotrigine)

Epilepsy medications

2008-09-25T05:27:00.000-07:00

Nerontin (Gabapentin) is a prescription drug that was initially approved to help manage epilepsy or medication for epilepsy.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also approved gabapentin for treatment of the nerve pain that sometimes accompanies herpes infections.
Gabapentin is available in the United States under the trade name Neurontin.

Although the FDA has only approved gabapentin for managing epilepsy and treating nerve pain associated with herpes infections, doctors often prescribe the medication for managing other conditions, including tremors associated with multiple sclerosis, nerve pain, bipolar disorder, and migraine prevention.

Although gabapentin was originally approved by the FDA in 1993, it is still not understood how gabapentin prevents seizures. However, the drug is related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurochemical that possesses inhibitory properties.
In brain cells, these inhibitory actions prevent excitatory electrical impulses from spreading to neighboring cells.
As a result, gabapentin probably prevents the spread of abnormal excitatory activity in the brain at least in part, by mimicking the actions of GABA.
By preventing excitatory communication between cells, gabapentin may also inhibit the electrical impulses involved in pain conduction. This may account for the drug's ability to alleviate pain, especially nerve pain.

When gabapentin is used along with other therapies for managing epileptic partial seizures, improvements should be observed within 12 weeks.
On the other hand, pain relief may be evident within one week when the drug is used for pain associated with herpes infections.

Dosage
For adults, the initial dose of gabapentin is 300 mg taken by mouth three times each day. The dosage may be increased if necessary. Dosages as high as 800-1,200 mg three times daily have been well tolerated.
In children three to 12 years of age, the starting dose should be 10-15 mg/2.2 lb (1 kg)/day given in three equal doses.
This dose can be increased until an effective dosage is reached, typically 25-40 mg/2.2 lb (1 kg)/day.
Lower dosages are required for patients that have kidney disease.

Precaution
In children, gabapentin may cause behavioral and emotional disorders.
The drug should be used cautiously and the dosage should be reduced in those with severe kidney disease.
In experimental animals, gabapentin caused tumors to develop; however, it is not known if this occurs in humans.

Patients should take gabapentin only as prescribed.
The drug should never be stopped abruptly because doing so increases the likelihood of having a seizure.
Since gabapentin can cause dizziness and fatigue, patients should avoid driving or operating complex machinery until they know whether the drug adversely affects their reaction time or impairs their judgment.
Nerontin (Gabapentin)

Other similar prescription for epilepsy medication as an anti convulsants are;
- Lamictal (Lamotrigine)
- Mysoline (Primidon)
- Tegretol (Carbamazepine)
- Topamax (Topiramate)
- Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine)
- Valparin (Valproic Acid)

Epilepsy drugs

2008-09-25T05:19:00.000-07:00

Some list of Epilepsy drugs for your reference.

1. Lamictal (Lamotrigine)
Lamotrigine (Lamotrigine) is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of epilepsy.
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which excessive surges of electrical energy are emitted in the brain, causing seizures.
Lamotrigine is usually reserved for difficult-to-control seizures that have not responded to other anticonvulsant medications.
In psychiatry, lamotrigine is also indicated in the treatment of bipolar disorder (manic-depression).

Lamotrigine may not be suitable for persons with a history of liver or kidney disease, depressed renal function, mental illness, anemia, high blood pressure, angina (chest pain), or irregular heartbeats and other heart problems.
Before beginning treatment with lamotrigine, patients should notify their physician if they consume a large amount of alcohol, have a history of drug use, are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant.

Lamotrigine's safety during pregnancy has not been established.
Persons taking lamotrigine (and other AEDs or anticonvulsants) should be aware that many AEDs and anticonvulsants cause birth defects.
Patients who become pregnant while taking any AED or anticonvulsants should contact their physician immediately.
Lamictal (Lamotrigine)

2. Mysoline (Primidon)
Mysoline (Primidon) is a barbiturate.
Mysoline (Primidon) reduces or controls seizures or convulsions in certain types of epilepsy, except for absence (petit mal) seizures. Generic primidone tablets are available. Generic chewable tablets are not available.

Elderly patients over age 65 years may have a stronger reaction to this medicine and need smaller doses.
Take primidone tablets by mouth.

If you have; an alcohol or drug abuse problem, bone disease like osteoporosis, kidney disease, liver disease, low blood pressure, lung disease, chest infection or breathing difficulties, mental depression or other mental illnesses, porphyria, seizures or convulsions, suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempt (a previous suicide attempt by you or a family member), an unusual or allergic reaction to primidone, phenobarbital, other barbiturates or seizure medications, other medicines, foods, dyes or preservatives, pregnant or trying to get pregnant and breast-feeding then you should consult with your doctor or your health care provider before take this medicine.

Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medication in children.
Special care may be needed.
Mysoline (Primidon)

3. Neurontin (Gabapentin)
Nerontin (Gabapentin) is a prescription drug that was initially approved to help manage epilepsy.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also approved gabapentin for treatment of the nerve pain that sometimes accompanies herpes infections.
Gabapentin is available in the United States under the trade name Neurontin.

Although the FDA has only approved gabapentin for managing epilepsy and treating nerve pain associated with herpes infections, doctors often prescribe the medication for managing other conditions, including tremors associated with multiple sclerosis, nerve pain, bipolar disorder, and migraine prevention.

Although gabapentin was originally approved by the FDA in 1993, it is still not understood how gabapentin prevents seizures. However, the drug is related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurochemical that possesses inhibitory properties.
In brain cells, these inhibitory actions prevent excitatory electrical impulses from spreading to neighboring cells.
As a result, gabapentin probably prevents the spread of abnormal excitatory activity in the brain at least in part, by mimicking the actions of GABA.
By preventing excitatory communication between cells, gabapentin may also inhibit the electrical impulses involved in pain conduction. This may account for the drug's ability to alleviate pain, especially nerve pain.

When gabapentin is used along with other therapies for managing epileptic partial seizures, improvements should be observed within 12 weeks.
On the other hand, pain relief may be evident within one week when the drug is used for pain associated with herpes infections.

Dosage
For adults, the initial dose of gabapentin is 300 mg taken by mouth three times each day. The dosage may be increased if necessary. Dosages as high as 800-1,200 mg three times daily have been well tolerated.
In children three to 12 years of age, the starting dose should be 10-15 mg/2.2 lb (1 kg)/day given in three equal doses.
This dose can be increased until an effective dosage is reached, typically 25-40 mg/2.2 lb (1 kg)/day.
Lower dosages are required for patients that have kidney disease.

Precaution
In children, gabapentin may cause behavioral and emotional disorders.
The drug should be used cautiously and the dosage should be reduced in those with severe kidney disease.
In experimental animals, gabapentin caused tumors to develop; however, it is not known if this occurs in humans.

Patients should take gabapentin only as prescribed.
The drug should never be stopped abruptly because doing so increases the likelihood of having a seizure.
Since gabapentin can cause dizziness and fatigue, patients should avoid driving or operating complex machinery until they know whether the drug adversely affects their reaction time or impairs their judgment.
Neurontin (Gabapentin)

4. Tegretol (Carbamazepine)
Tegretol (Carbamazepine) is an antiepileptic drug used to reduce or suppress seizures.
The medication is also commonly prescribed to relieve certain neurogenic pain such as trigeminal neuralgia.
This drug decreases abnormal electrical impulses through nerve cell pathways by inhibiting the activity of sodium channels in neurons. Consequently, it blocks the repetitive impulses that trigger seizures.

Due to its high efficacy, carbamazepine is in many cases a first-line treatment for epilepsy, and is also frequently prescribed to treat acute neuralgias such as trigeminal neuralgia.
Sometimes the drug is also used to improve bipolar disorder symptoms, especially during the manic phase of this disease.

For treatment of seizures, the usual initial dose of carbamazepine for adults and children over 12 years of age is 200 milligrams, taken twice daily.
The prescribing physician may increase the dosage in weekly intervals until optimum seizure control is achieved.
Dosages generally do not exceed a range of 1000-1200 milligrams (mg) per day.
For the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, daily dosages usually range from 800-1200 mg per day during the stage of acute pain and 400-800 mg per day for preventative therapy.

Precautions
The ingestion of alcoholic drinks during carbamazepine therapy is contraindicated because both substances may potentiate (increase) the effects of the other.
Other depressants of the central nervous system such as antihistamines, analgesic drugs, muscle relaxants, and tranquilizers, are also potentiated when used with carbamazepine or other antiepileptic medications.
Diabetic patients should be monitored during the administration of this drug since it interferes with glucose blood levels.
The drug should not be taken during pregnancy due to the absence of safety clinical studies for pregnant women.
Tests in animals have shown that carbamazepine causes developmental defects in embryos when administered in high doses.
As the drug is found in breast milk, the use of this medication is also contraindicated during breast-feeding.
Carbamazepine may interfere with several biomarkers used in medical laboratory tests, and persons taking the medication should report its intake before blood or urine samples are collected for analysis.
Tegretol (Carbamazepine)

5. Topamax (Topiramate)
Topamax (Topiramate) is most commonly prescribed to treat patients who do not respond to other anticonvulsant medications, or is part of a combination of anticonvulsant medications used to treat intractable seizures.
Although the precise mechanisms by which it exerts its therapeutic effects in epilepsy and other seizure disorders are unknown, Topiramate has three specific seizure-reducing actions:

topiramate decreases nerve-cell excitation by blocking targeted neurotransmitters from binding to certain receptors in the brain.
topiramate blocks sodium channels in nerve cells, thus decreasing excessive nerve-cell firing.
topiramate increases the availability of GABA, (gammaaminobutyric acid), a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve-cell excitation in the brain.

Topiramate is taken by mouth in tablet or sprinkle form. Topiramate is available in strengths of 25 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg tablets, along with 15 mg and 25 mg sprinkle capsules.
Patients usually take topiramate twice daily.
Typical total daily doses are usually between 200 milligrams (mg) to 400 mg for treatment of seizure disorders.
For the treatment of bipolar disorders, dosages vary.

Beginning a course of treatment which includes topiramate requires a gradual dose-increasing regimen.
The prescribing physician determines the proper beginning dosage and may raise a patient's daily dosage gradually over the course of several weeks.
It may take several weeks to realize the full seizure-reducing benefits of topiramate.

A double dose of topiramate should not be taken to make up for a missed or forgotten dose.
If a daily dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, the missed dose is skipped.
When discontinuing treatment with topiramate, physicians typically direct patients to gradually taper their daily dosages.
Stopping the medicine suddenly may cause seizures to return or occur more frequently.
In the treatment of bipolar disorders, persons should not stop taking topiramate without consulting the prescribing physician.
Stopping the medicine suddenly may cause seizures, or severely and suddenly alter a patient's mood.

Precaution
Topamax (Topiramate) is not habit-forming.
A physician should be consulted before combining topiramate with certain non-prescription medications.
Patients should avoid alcohol and CNS depressants (medicines that can make one drowsy or less alert, such as antihistimines, sleep medications, and some pain medications) while taking topiramate.
Because topiramate may cause drowsiness, persons should not drive or operate heavy machinery until they know how they will react to the drug.
Persons taking topiramate, particularly those with predisposing factors, should maintain an adequate fluid intake in order to minimize the risk of kidney stone formation. Approximately 1.5% of people taking topiramate develop kidney stones.
Topiramate may not be suitable for persons with a history of liver or kidney disease, mental illness, high blood presure, angina (chest pain), irregular heartbeats, or other heart problems.
Before beginning treatment with topiramate, patients should notify their physician if they consume a large amount of alcohol, have a history of drug use, are pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant.

Topiramate may inhibit perspiration, causing body temperature to increase.
Persons taking topiramate are at a greater risk for heat stroke, and should use caution during strenuous exercise, prolonged exposure during hot weather, and while using saunas or hot tubs.
Topiramate may cause birth defects. Use effective birth control while taking topiramate.
Patients who become pregnant while taking topiramate should contact their physician immediately.
Topamax (Topiramate)

6. Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine)
Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine) is used to treat people with epilepsy. It helps prevent partial seizures.
This medicine may be used for other purposes, ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions or any these condition before use it.

kidney disease
liver disease
suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempt; a previous suicide attempt by you or a family member
any unusual or allergic reaction to oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
breast-feeding

Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine)

7. Valparin (Valproic Acid)
Valvarin (Valproic acid/VPA) is a chemical compound that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and less commonly major depression.
It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia.

As an anticonvulsant, valproic acid is used to control absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal), complex partial seizures, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and the seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
It is also used in treatment of myoclonus.
In some countries, parenteral (administered intravenously) preparations of valproate are used also as second-line treatment of status epilepticus, as an alternative to phenytoin.
Valvarin is one of common drugs used to treat post-traumatic epilepsy.

Precaution Women who become pregnant while taking valproic acid should be counselled as to its risks, take high dose folic acid and be offered antenatal screening (alpha-fetoprotein and second trimester ultrasound scans).
It is a known folate antagonist, which can cause neural tube defects. Thus, folic acid supplements may alleviate the teratogenic problems.
A recent study showed that children of mothers taking valproic acid during pregnancy are at risk for significantly lower IQs.
Exposure of the human embryo to valproic acid is also associated with risk of autism, and it is possible to duplicate features characteristic of autism by exposing rat embryos to valproic acid at the time of neural tube closure.
One study found that valproate exposure on embryonic day 11.5 led to significant local recurrent connectivity in the juvenile rat neocortex, consistent with the underconnectivity theory of autism.

Valproate is contraindicated in overweight patients because it might cause weight gain.
Preexisting hepatic (liver) and/or renal (kidney) damage or cancer, hepatitis, pancreatitis, end-stage AIDS HIV infection, bone marrow depression, urea cycle disorders, and coagulation hematological disorders are absolute contraindications.

According to Medical News Today, valproic acid can be used for the treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder, adjunctive therapy in multiple seizure types (including epilepsy), and prophylaxis of migraine headaches.
Valparin (Valproic Acid)

Anti bacterial

2008-09-25T05:15:00.000-07:00

Prulifloxacin (Pruquin)
Prulifloxacin (Pruquin) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
It is a prodrug, and is metabolized in the body to the active compound ulifloxacin.
Prulifloxacin has a long half-life and may therefore be taken only once a day.
In clinical trials, prulifloxacin appeared as effective as ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav or pefloxacin in the treatment of bronchitis exacerbations or lower urinary tract infections.
It was tolerated as well as ciprofloxacin.

Best allergy medicine

2008-09-25T05:09:00.000-07:00

List of some best allergy medicine for your reference.

1. Allegra (Fexofenadine)
Allegra is brand name for Fexofenadine hydrochloride.
Allegra is an antihistamine drug used in the treatment of hayfever and similar allergy symptoms.
It was developed as a successor of and alternative to terfenadine; an antihistamine with potentially serious contraindications.
Allegra like other second and third-generation antihistamines, does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, and so causes less drowsiness than first-generation histamine-receptor antagonists.
It works by being an antagonist to the H1 receptor.

Usage:
For seasonal allergies the recommended dose for adults and children 12 years or older is 60 mg twice daily or 180 mg once daily.
Children 6-11 years of age should be given 30 mg twice daily.
For chronic urticaria, adults and children 12 years or older should use 60 mg twice daily, and children 6-11 years of age should use 30 mg twice daily.
Take Allegra with water (not fruit juice).
Allegra can be taken with or without food.

More about Allegra (Fexofenadine)

2. Atarax (Hydroxyzin)
Atarax (Hydroxyzine) is a first-generation antihistamine, of the piperazine class that is an H1 receptor antagonist.
It was synthesised in the early 1950s and the medicinal formulation of this drug was announced in the 04 August 1956 issue of Chemistry Week.
It is used primarily as;
- an antihistamine for the treatment of itches and irritations
- an antiemetic for the reduction of nausea
- as a weak analgesic by itself
- as an opioid potentiator
- and as an anxiolytic for the treatment of anxiety.

Hydroxyzine is both an antihistamine and anxiolytic and its use as a mild tranquilliser is especially common in dentistry and it retains some popularity in obstetrics, where for many years it was especially preferred for its ability to boost the effectiveness of alphaprodine (Nisentil), a narcotic analgesic related to pethidine as well as permit later use of scopolamine or benzodiazepines better than other drugs might.

Contraindication
The administration of hydroxyzine in large amounts by ingestion or intramuscular administration during the onset of pregnancy can cause fetal abnormalities when administered to pregnant rats, mice and rabbits, hydroxyzine caused abnormalities with doses significantly above that of the human therapeutic range.
In terms of humans, a significant dose has not yet been established in studies, and by default, the FDA has introduced contraindication guidelines in regard to hydroxyzine.
Similarly, those at risk from, or showing previous signs of hypersensitivity are also contraindicated.

More about Atarax (Hydroxyzin)

3. Clarinex (Desloratadine)
Clarinex (Desloratadine) is a tricyclic antihistamine, which has a selective and peripheral H1-antagonist action.
It has a long-lasting effect and does not cause drowsiness because it does not readily enter the central nervous system.

Desloratadine vs. loratadine
"Desloratadine is similar in effectiveness to fexofenadine and would be expected to produce results similar to loratadine and other nonsedating antihistamines.
There is no clinical advantage to switching a patient from loratadine to desloratadine.
However, it may be an option for patients whose medical insurance no longer covers loratadine if the co-pay is less than the cost of the over-the-counter product."...source; journal American Family Physician, published on November 2003

More about Clarinex (Desloratadine)

4. Claritin (Loratadine)
Loratadine is indicated for the symptomatic relief of allergy such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis), urticaria (hives), and other skin allergies.

For allergic rhinitis (hay fever), loratadine is effective for both nasal and eye symptoms:
sneezing, runny nose, itchy or burning eyes.

Loratadine is a tricyclic antihistamine, which selectively antagonizes peripheral histamine H1-receptors.
Histamine is responsible for many features of allergic reactions.

Loratadine has a long-lasting effect and does not normally cause drowsiness because it does not readily enter the central nervous system

Cautions and contradications
Loratadine should be used with caution in hepatic disease and dose reduction may be necessary in renal impairment.
Caution may be required in epilepsy.
Children and the elderly are more susceptible to side-effects (see Side-effects section above).
Loratadine is a category L-2 (classified by the American Academy of Pediatrics as a drug ".
Usually Compatible With Breast-feeding" and category B in pregnancy.

More about Claritin (Loratadine)

5. Lioresal (Baclofen)
Lioresal (Baclofen) is a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid primarily used to treat spasticity.
It is an agonist specific to mammalian but not fruit fly (Drosophila) GABAB receptors.
It is used for the treatment of spastic movement, especially in instances of spinal cord injury, spastic diplegia, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) and trigeminal neuralgia.
Its beneficial effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites.
Lioresal (Baclofen) can also be used to treat hiccups.
It has been shown to prevent rises in body temperature induced from the drug MDMA in rats.
A very benefitial property of baclofen is that tolerance does not seem to occur to any significant degree in that baclofen retains its therapeutic anti-spasmodic effects even after many years of chronic use.

Dosage
Baclofen therapy is usually started with an initial low dose of about 15 mg daily in devided doses and gradually titrated up in a stepwise fashion until symptomatic relief occurs.
The usual maximum dose per day is 80 mg per day.

More about Lioresal (Baclofen)

6. Periactin (Cyproheptadine)
Cyproheptadine is used in the treatment of allergies (specifically hay fever) and is also used to stimulate appetite in underweight people (e.g. anorexia nervosa).
Cyproheptadine is used in serotonin syndrome, a complex of symptoms associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, especially when taken in excess dose and in the disease carcinoid in which serotonin is overproduced by tumor cells.
Cyproheptadine can also be used as a preventative measure against migraine in children and adolescents.

Side effects
While not specifically used as a sedative, cyproheptadine causes sedation, likely due to its anti-histamine effects.
Digestive system: epigastric distress (dysphagia), loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, (it is noted that these side effects are much more common in people with neuromuscular disorders)
Cyproheptadine can also cause over-sleeping (10 Hours) in children and adolescents.

More about Periactin (Cyproheptadine)

7. Zyrtec (Cetirizine)
Zyrtec (Cetirizine hydrochloride), an antihistamine, is a major metabolite of hydroxyzine and a racemic selective H1 receptor inverse agonist used in the treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria.
The structural similarity of cetirizine to hydroxyzine, and its derivation from piperazine, attribute similar adverse reactions and properties to other piperazine derivatives.

Zyrtec (Cetirizine) is an effective agent in the treatment of Kimura's disease, which mostly occurs in young Asian men, affecting the lymph nodes and soft tissue of the head and neck in the form of tumor-like lesions.
Cetirizine's properties of being effective both in the treatment of pruritus and as an anti-inflammatory agent make it suitable for the treatment of the pruritus associated with these lesions.
In a 2005 study, the American College of Rheumatology conducted treatments initially using prednisone, followed by steroid dosages and azathioprine, omeprazole, and calcium and vitamin D supplements over the course of two years.
The skin condition of the patient began to improve and the skin lesions lessened.
However, there were symptoms of cushingoid and hirsutism observed before the patient was removed from the courses of steroids and placed on 10mg/day of cetirizine to prevent skin lesions; an agent suitable for the treatment of pruritus associated with such lesions.
Asymptomatically, the patient's skin lesions disappeared after treatment with cetirizine, blood eosinophil counts became normal, corticosteroid effects were resolved and a remission began within a period 2 months.
It is also thought that the inhibition of eosinophils may be the key to treatment of Kimura's disease due to the role of eosinophils, rather than other cells with regards to the lesions of the skin.

More about Zyrtec (Cetirizine)

New allergy medicine

2008-09-25T04:43:00.000-07:00

Some list of new allergy medicine as following;
1. Allegra (Fexofenadine)
Allegra is brand name for Fexofenadine hydrochloride.
Allegra is an antihistamine drug used in the treatment of hayfever and similar allergy symptoms.
It was developed as a successor of and alternative to terfenadine; an antihistamine with potentially serious contraindications.
Allegra like other second and third-generation antihistamines, does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, and so causes less drowsiness than first-generation histamine-receptor antagonists.
It works by being an antagonist to the H1 receptor.

Usage:
For seasonal allergies the recommended dose for adults and children 12 years or older is 60 mg twice daily or 180 mg once daily.
Children 6-11 years of age should be given 30 mg twice daily.
For chronic urticaria, adults and children 12 years or older should use 60 mg twice daily, and children 6-11 years of age should use 30 mg twice daily.
Take Allegra with water (not fruit juice).
Allegra can be taken with or without food.

More about Allegra (Fexofenadine)

2. Atarax (Hydroxyzin)
Atarax (Hydroxyzine) is a first-generation antihistamine, of the piperazine class that is an H1 receptor antagonist.
It was synthesised in the early 1950s and the medicinal formulation of this drug was announced in the 04 August 1956 issue of Chemistry Week.
It is used primarily as;
- an antihistamine for the treatment of itches and irritations
- an antiemetic for the reduction of nausea
- as a weak analgesic by itself
- as an opioid potentiator
- and as an anxiolytic for the treatment of anxiety.

Hydroxyzine is both an antihistamine and anxiolytic and its use as a mild tranquilliser is especially common in dentistry and it retains some popularity in obstetrics, where for many years it was especially preferred for its ability to boost the effectiveness of alphaprodine (Nisentil), a narcotic analgesic related to pethidine as well as permit later use of scopolamine or benzodiazepines better than other drugs might.

Contraindication
The administration of hydroxyzine in large amounts by ingestion or intramuscular administration during the onset of pregnancy can cause fetal abnormalities when administered to pregnant rats, mice and rabbits, hydroxyzine caused abnormalities with doses significantly above that of the human therapeutic range.
In terms of humans, a significant dose has not yet been established in studies, and by default, the FDA has introduced contraindication guidelines in regard to hydroxyzine.
Similarly, those at risk from, or showing previous signs of hypersensitivity are also contraindicated.

More about Atarax (Hydroxyzin)

3. Clarinex (Desloratadine)
Clarinex (Desloratadine) is a tricyclic antihistamine, which has a selective and peripheral H1-antagonist action.
It has a long-lasting effect and does not cause drowsiness because it does not readily enter the central nervous system.

Desloratadine vs. loratadine
"Desloratadine is similar in effectiveness to fexofenadine and would be expected to produce results similar to loratadine and other nonsedating antihistamines.
There is no clinical advantage to switching a patient from loratadine to desloratadine.
However, it may be an option for patients whose medical insurance no longer covers loratadine if the co-pay is less than the cost of the over-the-counter product."...source; journal American Family Physician, published on November 2003

More about Clarinex (Desloratadine)

4. Claritin (Loratadine)
Loratadine is indicated for the symptomatic relief of allergy such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis), urticaria (hives), and other skin allergies.

For allergic rhinitis (hay fever), loratadine is effective for both nasal and eye symptoms:
sneezing, runny nose, itchy or burning eyes.

Loratadine is a tricyclic antihistamine, which selectively antagonizes peripheral histamine H1-receptors.
Histamine is responsible for many features of allergic reactions.

Loratadine has a long-lasting effect and does not normally cause drowsiness because it does not readily enter the central nervous system

Cautions and contradications
Loratadine should be used with caution in hepatic disease and dose reduction may be necessary in renal impairment.
Caution may be required in epilepsy.
Children and the elderly are more susceptible to side-effects (see Side-effects section above).
Loratadine is a category L-2 (classified by the American Academy of Pediatrics as a drug ".
Usually Compatible With Breast-feeding" and category B in pregnancy.

More about Claritin (Loratadine)

5. Lioresal (Baclofen)
Lioresal (Baclofen) is a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid primarily used to treat spasticity.
It is an agonist specific to mammalian but not fruit fly (Drosophila) GABAB receptors.
It is used for the treatment of spastic movement, especially in instances of spinal cord injury, spastic diplegia, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) and trigeminal neuralgia.
Its beneficial effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites.
Lioresal (Baclofen) can also be used to treat hiccups.
It has been shown to prevent rises in body temperature induced from the drug MDMA in rats.
A very benefitial property of baclofen is that tolerance does not seem to occur to any significant degree in that baclofen retains its therapeutic anti-spasmodic effects even after many years of chronic use.

Dosage
Baclofen therapy is usually started with an initial low dose of about 15 mg daily in devided doses and gradually titrated up in a stepwise fashion until symptomatic relief occurs.
The usual maximum dose per day is 80 mg per day.

More about Lioresal (Baclofen)

6. Periactin (Cyproheptadine)
Cyproheptadine is used in the treatment of allergies (specifically hay fever) and is also used to stimulate appetite in underweight people (e.g. anorexia nervosa).
Cyproheptadine is used in serotonin syndrome, a complex of symptoms associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, especially when taken in excess dose and in the disease carcinoid in which serotonin is overproduced by tumor cells.
Cyproheptadine can also be used as a preventative measure against migraine in children and adolescents.

Side effects
While not specifically used as a sedative, cyproheptadine causes sedation, likely due to its anti-histamine effects.
Digestive system: epigastric distress (dysphagia), loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, (it is noted that these side effects are much more common in people with neuromuscular disorders)
Cyproheptadine can also cause over-sleeping (10 Hours) in children and adolescents.

More about Periactin (Cyproheptadine)

7. Zyrtec (Cetirizine)
Zyrtec (Cetirizine hydrochloride), an antihistamine, is a major metabolite of hydroxyzine and a racemic selective H1 receptor inverse agonist used in the treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria.
The structural similarity of cetirizine to hydroxyzine, and its derivation from piperazine, attribute similar adverse reactions and properties to other piperazine derivatives.

Zyrtec (Cetirizine) is an effective agent in the treatment of Kimura's disease, which mostly occurs in young Asian men, affecting the lymph nodes and soft tissue of the head and neck in the form of tumor-like lesions.
Cetirizine's properties of being effective both in the treatment of pruritus and as an anti-inflammatory agent make it suitable for the treatment of the pruritus associated with these lesions.
In a 2005 study, the American College of Rheumatology conducted treatments initially using prednisone, followed by steroid dosages and azathioprine, omeprazole, and calcium and vitamin D supplements over the course of two years.
The skin condition of the patient began to improve and the skin lesions lessened.
However, there were symptoms of cushingoid and hirsutism observed before the patient was removed from the courses of steroids and placed on 10mg/day of cetirizine to prevent skin lesions; an agent suitable for the treatment of pruritus associated with such lesions.
Asymptomatically, the patient's skin lesions disappeared after treatment with cetirizine, blood eosinophil counts became normal, corticosteroid effects were resolved and a remission began within a period 2 months.
It is also thought that the inhibition of eosinophils may be the key to treatment of Kimura's disease due to the role of eosinophils, rather than other cells with regards to the lesions of the skin.

More about Zyrtec (Cetirizine)

Allergy medicine and allegra

2008-09-25T04:40:00.000-07:00

Allegra (Fexofenadine) is brand name for Fexofenadine hydrochloride.
Allegra is an antihistamine drug used in the treatment of hayfever and similar allergy symptoms.
It was developed as a successor of and alternative to terfenadine; an antihistamine with potentially serious contraindications.
Allegra like other second and third-generation antihistamines, does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, and so causes less drowsiness than first-generation histamine-receptor antagonists.
It works by being an antagonist to the H1 receptor.

Usage:
For seasonal allergies the recommended dose for adults and children 12 years or older is 60 mg twice daily or 180 mg once daily.
Children 6-11 years of age should be given 30 mg twice daily.
For chronic urticaria, adults and children 12 years or older should use 60 mg twice daily, and children 6-11 years of age should use 30 mg twice daily.
Take Allegra with water (not fruit juice).
Allegra can be taken with or without food.

Strongest allergy medicine by prescription

2008-09-25T04:31:00.000-07:00

Claritine (Loratadine) is indicated for the symptomatic relief of allergy such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis), urticaria (hives), and other skin allergies.

For allergic rhinitis (hay fever), loratadine is effective for both nasal and eye symptoms:
sneezing, runny nose, itchy or burning eyes.

Loratadine is a tricyclic antihistamine, which selectively antagonizes peripheral histamine H1-receptors.
Histamine is responsible for many features of allergic reactions.

Loratadine has a long-lasting effect and does not normally cause drowsiness because it does not readily enter the central nervous system

Cautions and contradications
Loratadine should be used with caution in hepatic disease and dose reduction may be necessary in renal impairment.
Caution may be required in epilepsy.
Children and the elderly are more susceptible to side-effects (see Side-effects section above).
Loratadine is a category L-2 (classified by the American Academy of Pediatrics as a drug ".
Usually Compatible With Breast-feeding" and category B in pregnancy.

Other similar prescription with allergy category are;
- Allegra (Fexofenadine)
- Atarax (Hydroxyzin)
- Clarinex (Desloratadine)
- Lioresal (Baclofen)
- Periactin (Cyproheptadine)
- Zyrtec (Cetirizine)

veterinary allergy medicine

2008-09-25T04:21:00.000-07:00

Loratadine is indicated for the symptomatic relief of allergy such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis), urticaria (hives), and other skin allergies.

For allergic rhinitis (hay fever), loratadine is effective for both nasal and eye symptoms:
sneezing, runny nose, itchy or burning eyes.

Loratadine is a tricyclic antihistamine, which selectively antagonizes peripheral histamine H1-receptors.
Histamine is responsible for many features of allergic reactions.

Loratadine has a long-lasting effect and does not normally cause drowsiness because it does not readily enter the central nervous system

Cautions and contradications
Loratadine should be used with caution in hepatic disease and dose reduction may be necessary in renal impairment.
Caution may be required in epilepsy.
Children and the elderly are more susceptible to side-effects (see Side-effects section above).
Loratadine is a category L-2 (classified by the American Academy of Pediatrics as a drug ".
Usually Compatible With Breast-feeding" and category B in pregnancy.

Other similar prescription with same allergy category are;
- Allegra (Fexofenadine)
- Atarax (Hydroxyzin)
- Clarinex (Desloratadine)
- Periactin (Cyproheptadine)
- Lioresal (Baclofen)
- Zyrtec (Cetirizine)

Prescription allergy medicine

2008-09-25T03:34:00.000-07:00

Prescription allergy medicine - Allegra (Fexofenadine)

Allegra is brand name for Fexofenadine hydrochloride.
Allegra is an antihistamine drug used in the treatment of hayfever and similar allergy symptoms.
It was developed as a successor of and alternative to terfenadine; an antihistamine with potentially serious contraindications.
Allegra like other second and third-generation antihistamines, does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, and so causes less drowsiness than first-generation histamine-receptor antagonists.
It works by being an antagonist to the H1 receptor.

Usage:
For seasonal allergies the recommended dose for adults and children 12 years or older is 60 mg twice daily or 180 mg once daily.
Children 6-11 years of age should be given 30 mg twice daily.
For chronic urticaria, adults and children 12 years or older should use 60 mg twice daily, and children 6-11 years of age should use 30 mg twice daily.
Take Allegra with water (not fruit juice).
Allegra can be taken with or without food.

Other similar prescription for allergy categories are;
- Atarax (Hydroxyzin)
- Clarinex (Desloratadine)
- Claritin (Loratadine)
- Lioresal (Baclofen)
- Periactin (Cyproheptadine)
- Zyrtec (Cetirizine)